双子座流星

http://spaceweather.com/

GEMINID FIREBALLS: On the night of Dec. 13/14, NASA's All-Sky Meteor Network recorded 35 fireballs streaking over the southern USA. Twenty-two of them had remarkably similar orbits:

                               
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The clustered green orbits match the trajectory of near-Earth asteroid 3200 Phaethon, source of the annual Geminid meteor shower. The Geminids have been active this week as Earth passes through the asteroid's mysterious debris stream. The other, non-Geminid orbits correspond to random meteoroids. Not belonging to any organized debris stream, random meteoroids litter the inner solar system and produce a daily drizzle of "sporadic" fireballs.

NASA's fireball network, which connects multiple cameras in New Mexico, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee, is a "smart" system. It rapidly and autonomously calculates meteoroid orbits from the fireballs it records. Another orbit diagram is just hours away; stay tuned.

more Geminids: from Fredrik Broms of Kvaløya, Norway; from Paul Martin of Omagh, Co Tyrone N.Ireland; from Salvador Aguirre of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico; from Mike Hankey of Freeland, Maryland; from Ugur Ikizler of Kirazlı - Uludag - Bursa / Turkey

2010年的

                               
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Time (UTC)SolarlonnINTnGEMZHRParticle density
2010-12-04 23:39252.56810315±18 / 109·km3
2010-12-06 21:43254.51719235±18 / 109·km3
2010-12-07 22:41255.573142621±433 / 109·km3
2010-12-09 17:51257.400286210±116 / 109·km3
2010-12-10 13:09258.2183111511±118 / 109·km3
2010-12-11 16:47259.3886620418±129 / 109·km3
2010-12-12 02:24259.7954720322±235 / 109·km3
2010-12-12 18:29260.4763320428±245 / 109·km3
2010-12-12 22:37260.6522520244±370 / 109·km3
2010-12-12 23:45260.7002523241±365 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 00:42260.7402723042±367 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 01:48260.7872021640±364 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 02:58260.8362121842±367 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 05:14260.9322320445±372 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 07:35261.0321621354±486 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 10:00261.1342120955±488 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 15:12261.3543120447±375 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 18:48261.5073520150±480 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 19:50261.5513226056±389 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 20:59261.6004655582±3131 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 21:53261.6384957298±4156 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 22:47261.67638520115±5183 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 23:49261.7202531393±5148 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 00:55261.76639574116±5185 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 01:56261.80931479118±5188 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 02:54261.85139610124±5198 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 03:55261.8942441797±5155 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 04:55261.9361521099±7158 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 06:18261.99418214106±7169 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 07:19262.0371624296±6153 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 08:21262.08118291113±7180 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 09:30262.1301630498±6156 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 10:34262.17529313100±6159 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 11:38262.22022214111±8177 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 13:45262.3101520889±6142 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 16:22262.4211723567±4107 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 17:43262.4782620580±6127 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 18:45262.52227243111±7177 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 19:48262.5662220480±6127 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 20:44262.6062830370±4112 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 21:47262.6502231665±4104 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 22:48262.6932421152±483 / 109·km3
2010-12-15 00:00262.7442321352±483 / 109·km3
2010-12-15 01:57262.8273020545±372 / 109·km3
2010-12-15 11:27263.2293718423±237 / 109·km3
2010-12-16 21:00264.65142411±218 / 109·km3
2010-12-17 04:30264.9691615±624 / 109·km3
2010-12-18 10:33266.243103±35 / 109·km3

13-14 December in detail

                               
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Time (UTC)SolarlonnINTnGEMZHRParticle density
2010-12-13 00:07260.715810544±470 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 00:30260.7321410245±472 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 00:58260.7511110238±461 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 01:29260.7731011942±467 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 02:02260.7961110339±462 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 02:34260.8201010444±470 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 03:17260.8491010741±465 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 04:19260.893910446±473 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 05:31260.9441310043±469 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 07:07261.0121110555±588 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 08:04261.052711554±586 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 09:16261.103710453±584 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 10:21261.1491410557±691 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 12:11261.227910480±8127 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 16:26261.4072210033±353 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 18:30261.4941910240±464 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 19:11261.5231710465±6104 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 19:38261.5421512052±583 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 20:01261.5581210066±7105 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 20:24261.574911074±7118 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 20:46261.5901111673±7116 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 20:59261.6001010062±699 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 21:07261.6058128111±10177 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 21:18261.6131213685±7135 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 21:30261.6221210987±8139 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 21:43261.630912296±9153 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 21:56261.6409129111±10177 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 22:07261.64811143107±9170 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 22:20261.6571110195±9151 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 22:31261.6649104103±10164 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 22:42261.67210147136±11217 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 22:53261.6806113185±17295 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 23:09261.691811286±8137 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 23:30261.7061110082±8131 / 109·km3
2010-12-13 23:48261.719911392±9147 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 00:12261.7367112101±10161 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 00:32261.7509112116±11185 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 00:46261.7608117137±13218 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 00:56261.7677106112±11178 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 01:06261.7746109123±12196 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 01:18261.7829130101±9161 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 01:33261.7937102110±11175 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 01:48261.8037109133±13212 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 01:57261.8107107105±10167 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 02:15261.8238141129±11206 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 02:31261.83410117115±11183 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 02:42261.8427102151±15241 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 02:53261.8509170126±10201 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 03:05261.8587108137±13218 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 03:19261.8688133108±9172 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 03:36261.880810290±9143 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 03:51261.890714898±8156 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 04:14261.9077115103±10164 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 04:33261.920610799±10158 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 04:53261.9357106106±10169 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 05:33261.962810286±8137 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 06:22261.99711108107±10170 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 06:50262.0177113131±12209 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 07:15262.035711490±8143 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 07:49262.058812196±9153 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 08:12262.0757101125±12199 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 08:35262.0917120108±10172 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 09:05262.112611795±9151 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 09:31262.1316118107±10170 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 09:54262.1476105105±10167 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 10:17262.16310104103±10164 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 10:36262.1771010699±10158 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 10:59262.19312118103±9164 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 11:31262.2161311693±9148 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 12:29262.2578111121±11193 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 13:33262.302810483±8132 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 15:06262.3677106100±10159 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 16:13262.415611487±8139 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 17:02262.4491410147±575 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 17:40262.4761210288±9140 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 18:12262.4991211992±8147 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 18:37262.5161110099±10158 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 19:01262.53313105110±11175 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 19:36262.5581110583±8132 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 20:07262.5801310070±7112 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 20:34262.599910183±8132 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 20:49262.6101013970±6112 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 21:15262.6281210260±696 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 21:46262.650611079±7126 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 21:53262.655612674±7118 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 22:26262.6781511844±470 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 22:53262.697710060±696 / 109·km3
2010-12-14 23:11262.71073143±869 / 109·km3

of observersObserverCountryTeffnGEM
Ioan AgavriloaieiRomania1.30h31
Salvador AguirreMexico12.16h411
Zain AhmedPakistan2.74h101
Alexandre AmorimBrazil3.60h5
J谩nos BakosHungary3.08h17
Asmita BhandareIndia12.39h97
Suresh BhattaraiNepal2.00h50
Suresh BhattaraiNepal1.00h7
Longji BingChina0.51h4
Swapnil BokadeIndia1.44h47
Jens BriesemeisterGermany2.7h36
Andreas BuchmannSwitzerland2.07h86
Yi CaoChina0.48h0
Geoff CarstairsAustralia1.83h12
Simiao ChengChina6.24h258
Shao ChendiChina1.88h12
Sherry ChhabraIndia7.57h59
Carmelita CookPhilippines1.96h8
Tim CooperSouth Africa2.33h18
Paul CraftAustralia3.54h10
Mladen DabicCroatia1.06h44
Anderson DantasBrazil5.25h52
Neha DasIndia2.58h21
Mark DavisUnited States6.21h106
Chander, Sachin, Devgun, BahmbaIndia2.18h344
Suraj DhiwarIndia11.78h191
Sietse DijkstraNetherlands4.25h95
Shlomi EiniIsrael7.04h177
Craig EwingUnited States3.70h175
Stanislav FortCzech Republic0.48h19
Wei GeChina0.75h10
William GodleyUnited States4.59h104
Sylvie GorkovaCzech Republic1.87h36
Mitja GovedicSlovenia1.15h77
Wayne T. HallyUnited States4.85h5
Vilem HeblikCzech Republic7.65h112
Carl HergenrotherUnited States4.77h209
Kamil HornochCzech Republic2.47h157
Petr HoralekCzech Republic3.53h53
Di HuChina2.87h26
Jeremy JefferisUnited States0.43h12
Weiliang JinChina1.15h7
Carl JohanninkGermany2.28h65
Bhargav JoshiIndia2.50h10
Javor KacSlovenia8.73h223
Jay KansaraIndia2.69h37
Akshay KhachaneIndia2.79h26
Vaishali KharatIndia5.65h61
Stanislav KorotkiyRussia19.98h681
Jakub KoukalCzech Republic27.30h210
Roman KovalykItaly11.09h94
Peter Kozichunknown0.92h64
Rhishikesh KulkarniIndia2.09h79
Sneha KulkarniIndia2.40h35
Eva LaczkoHungary5.58h236
Peter Van LeuterenNetherlands5.31h156
Anna S. LevinaIsrael14.07h484
Simon LevinIsrael16.65h696
Mike LinnoltUnited States1.00h77
Zefeng LiChina0.66h6
Rodrigo Lopez SolorzanoMexico3.25h30
Jer Nan LouTaiwan0.18h1
Hartwig LuthenGermany0.95h37
Santosh MahatoIndia0.95h6
Jiawei MaChina0.83h16
Kanad MandkeIndia2.50h48
Qiang MaChina2.00h38
Adam MarshAustralia0.92h13
Khalid MarwatPakistan2.91h56
Mayuresh MaratheIndia2.90h13
Pierre MartinCanada4.15h242
Mikhail MaslovRussia1.00h1
Bruce MccurdyCanada2.00h71
Fabrizio MelandriItaly4.00h319
Marco MicheliItaly1.06h23
Koen MiskotteNetherlands11.02h594
Vikrant NarangIndia1.00h87
Vitaliy NikolaevRussia1.14h25
Jingjing NiuChina2.23h4
Francisco Ocana GonzalezSpain2.13h63
Rishikesh PanditIndia7.57h203
Anuja Anil ParkarIndia15.17h378
Rahul Piraji PatilIndia15.40h195
Shalan PatilIndia8.92h201
Swapnil PawarIndia4.13h44
Xi QianChina0.77h3
Hongyi QinChina2.94h133
Hermitanio QuintoPhilippines4.29h11
Zain RahimPakistan3.81h33
Ella RatzIsrael1.69h45
Jurgen RendtelGermany5.83h95
Marion RudolphGermany0.92h17
Martin RuddAustralia0.92h17
Joao SantosBrazil0.91h0
Jo茫o Ricardo SantosBrazil0.37h0
Debasis SarkarIndia1.50h72
Mikiya SatoJapan1.00h64
Tomoko SatoJapan1.50h87
Alex Scholtenunknown3.50h148
Sergei SchmalzGermany3.12h59
Andrey SemenutaKazakhstan1.90h8
Sanket SenIndia13.65h130
Hideki SeoJapan1.00h57
Ivan M. SergeyBelarus0.33h2
Shashank ShekharIndia1.50h60
Yufei ShenChina1.47h15
Dhanashree ShindeIndia3.54h53
Costantino SigismondiItaly1.61h6
Richard TaibiUnited States1.50h8
Kazumi TerakuboJapan2h72
Rafael Ruben Torregrosa SolerSpain1.00h9
Shigeo UchiyamaJapan2.00h101
Hendrik VandenbruaeneBelgium4.47h167
Michel VandeputteBelgium20.92h707
Wienie Van Der OordIsrael1.48h43
Priyanka VaradeIndia2.42h1
Priyanka VaradeIndia5.40h108
Tejaswini Dattu VaradeIndia10.17h178
Daniel Verde Van OuytselSpain1.74h56
Bin WangChina0.40h4
Kunlun WangChina1.32h12
Suqin WangChina2.10h4
William WatsonUnited States25.29h1016
Xiaofan WeiChina3.00h97
Oliver WuskGermany3.50h58
Kai YuChina0.60h9
Weizhou ZengChina4.36h84
Xiang ZhanChina1.68h86
Dantong ZhuChina1.61h7

非专业的观测数据http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/thread-154684-1-1.html

今年的

                               
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Time (UTC)SolarlonnINTnGEMZHRParticle density
2011-12-05 06:05252.576343±114 / 109·km3
2011-12-07 19:01255.152563±114 / 109·km3
2011-12-10 14:39258.0143522±9101 / 109·km3
2011-12-13 04:59260.65344167±10306 / 109·km3
2011-12-13 23:06261.420135471±10325 / 109·km3
2011-12-14 00:57261.499146266±8302 / 109·km3
2011-12-14 04:42261.6581510995±9434 / 109·km3
2011-12-14 12:16261.978751129±18590 / 109·km3
2011-12-14 15:04262.09717115197±18901 / 109·km3
2011-12-14 17:09262.18523158162±13741 / 109·km3
2011-12-14 21:42262.378751125±17571 / 109·km3
2011-12-14 23:23262.4491514894±8430 / 109·km3
2011-12-15 09:05262.8601433103±18471 / 109·km3

The 2011 Geminid Meteor Shower Dec. 13, 2011: The 2011 Geminid meteor shower peaks on the night of Dec. 13-14, and despite the glare of a nearly-full Moon, it might be a good show.
"Observers with clear skies could see as many as 40 Geminids per hour," predicts Bill Cooke of the NASA Meteoroid Environment Office.  "Our all-sky network of meteor cameras has captured several early Geminid fireballs.  They were so bright, we could see them despite the moonlight."

                               
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An early Geminid fireball recorded on Dec. 11th by a NASA meteor network camera in Tennessee. [movie]

The best time to look is between 10 pm local time on Tuesday, Dec. 13, and sunrise on Wednesday, Dec. 14th. Geminids, which spray out of the constellation Gemini, can appear anywhere in the sky. "Dress warmly and look up," says Cooke.  "It's that simple."
The source of the Geminids is near-Earth asteroid 3200 Phaethon. Most meteor showers come from comets, so having an asteroid as a parent makes the Geminids a bit of an oddball.

                               
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"This is the thing I love most about Geminids," says Cooke.  "They're so strange."
Every year in mid-December, Earth runs through a trail of dusty debris that litters the orbit of 3200 Phaethon. Comets vaporizing in hot sunlight naturally produce such debris trails, but rocky asteroids like 3200 Phaethon do not. At least they're not supposed to. The incongruity has baffled researchers since 1983 when 3200 Phaethon was discovered by NASA's IRAS satellite.
One clue: 3200 Phaethon travels unusually close to the sun. The asteroid's eccentric orbit brings it well inside the orbit of Mercury every 1.4 years. The rocky body thus receives a regular blast of solar heating that might somehow boil jets of dust into the Geminid debris stream.

                               
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Click to view a full-sized sky map. Credit: Tony Phillips

In 2009, NASA's STEREO-A spacecraft saw this process at work.  Coronagraphs onboard the solar observatory watched 3200 Phaethon as it was swinging by the sun.  Sure enough, the asteroid doubled in brightness, probably because it was spewing jets of dust.
"The most likely explanation is that Phaethon ejected dust, perhaps in response to a break-down of surface rocks (through thermal fracture and decomposition cracking of hydrated minerals) in the intense heat of the Sun," wrote UCLA planetary scientists David Jewitt and Jing Li, who analyzed the data.
Jewett and Li's "rock comet" hypothesis is compelling, but they point out a problem: The amount of dust 3200 Phaethon ejected during its 2009 sun-encounter added a mere 0.01% to the mass of the Geminid debris stream--not nearly enough to keep the stream replenished over time. Perhaps the rock comet was more active in the past …?
"We just don't know," says Cooke. "Every new thing we learn about the Geminids seems to deepen the mystery."
Led by Cooke, the Meteoroid Environment Office has just released an app for iPhones and iPads to help citizen scientists count meteors and report their observations to NASA. The "Meteor Counter" is available for free from Apple's app store:

http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/meteor-counter/id466896415

Cooke hopes sky watchers everywhere will use it to monitor the mysterious Geminids.

http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2011/13dec_geminids/

哇，LZ总结的很专业啊，图文并茂！！！

开始第一帖的来源链接呢？

补充完成，本文给予精华

gohomeman1 发表于 2011-12-16 17:47

                               
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开始第一帖的来源链接呢？

补充完成，本文给予精华

链接 找不到了   我补充了个主页的

补充主页不行的，必须给出链接。这个应该稍微翻找一下就能找到的吧