哈勃090625：太空望远镜科研所加入系外类地行星搜寻行动
本帖最后由 gohomeman1 于 2009-12-18 16:19 编辑从前一篇到现在，哈勃官网居然有一个半月没有更新，我都没兴趣去看官网了。由于明后天非常忙，所以今天的翻译先出个大概吧，剩下的和图片补充请允许我在周六末完成。
等真正有观测结果时，我会继续补充内容的。
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2009/22/
June 25, 200909:00 AM (EDT)
News Release Number: STScI-2009-22
太空望远镜科研所2009年第22#新闻公报，美国东部时间2009.6.25 09:00公布。
STScI Joins the Search for Other Earths in Space
http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2009-22-a-web.jpg
June 25, 2009: The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Md., is partnering on a historic search for Earth-size planets around other stars. STScI is the data archive center for NASA's Kepler mission, a spacecraft that is undertaking a survey for Earth-size planets in our region of the galaxy. The spacecraft sent its first raw science data to STScI on June 19. The Institute's role is to convert the raw science data into files that can be analyzed by Kepler researchers and to store the files every three months in an archive.
2009.6.25：马里兰州巴尔的摩市，太空望远镜科学研究所，现在成为具有划时代意义的太阳系外类地行星搜索计划的合作人之一。太空望远镜科学研究所是美国宇航局开普勒望远镜项目的数据文档中心，开普勒望远镜是从事搜索我们银河系中类地行星事业的航天器。6.19日，它刚传回第一批原始巡天数据。科研所的角色是把原始科学数据转化为普通文件格式，以便开普勒研究人员使用。这项数据存储工作每3个月实施一次。
Credit: NASA, D. Taylor and D. Swade (STScI)
PS：The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) 到底是翻译为研究所好还是协会好，我一直很头疼。
未经我许可，不得转载或引用。——gohomeman1 本帖最后由 gohomeman1 于 2009-7-1 20:20 编辑
这个貌似新闻稿呢。
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2009/22/full/
http://www.stsci.edu/institute/images/muller1_360.jpg
The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Md., is partnering on a historic search for Earth-size planets around other stars. STScI is the data archive center for NASA's Kepler mission, a spacecraft that is under taking a survey for Earth-size planets in our region of the galaxy. The spacecraft sent its first raw science data to STScI on June 19.
马里兰州巴尔的摩市，太空望远镜科学研究所，现在成为具有划时代意义的太阳系外类地行星搜索计划的合作人之一。太空望远镜科学研究所是美国宇航局开普勒望远镜项目的数据文档中心，开普勒望远镜是从事搜索我们银河系中类地行星事业的航天器。2009.6.19，它传回了第一批原始巡天数据。
The Institute was the logical choice for storing the anticipated flood of data because its scientists have processed enough observations from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope over the past 19 years to fill almost two collections of material in the U.S. Library of Congress.
太空望远镜科学研究所是存放这些海量数据的最合乎逻辑的选择，科研所的科学家在过往19年中处理的哈勃太空望远镜的数据几乎相当于美国国会图书馆馆藏资料的2倍。
The Institute's role is to convert the raw science data into files that can be analyzed by Kepler researchers and to store the files every three months in an archive.
科研所的角色定位是把原始科学数据转化为普通文件格式，以便开普勒项目研究人员使用。这项数据存储工作每3个月实施一次。
"We are part of this mission because of our experience with Hubble data processing and archiving," explained David Taylor, project manager for the development of Kepler's Data Management Center at the Institute. "NASA's Ames Research Center had not done a science mission like this one. Building the Data Management Center from scratch would have been more costly, and it would have taken longer to get up to speed."
“基于我们以前处理、存档哈勃（天量）数据的经验，我们成为开普勒项目的参与者”，开普勒数据管理中心的项目主管大卫.泰勒解释说。“位于美国埃姆斯研究中心的开普勒科学运算中心以前从未做过类似的（超大型数据处理）科学项目。从头建立如此庞大的数据管理中心造价高昂，而且要等好多年才能赶上进度。”
Launched on March 6 on a Delta II rocket from Cape Canaveral, Fla.,the Kepler spacecraft will spend the next 3 1/2 years searching for habitable planets by staring nonstop at more than 100,000 Sun-like stars out of about 4.5 million catalogued stars in the spacecraft's field-of-view, located in the summer constellations Cygnus and Lyra.
2009.5.6，佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角，开普勒望远镜由德尔塔2型火箭发射升空。接下来的3年半中，它将持续凝望视场中的天鹅座和天琴座（夏季著名星座）天区，在约4500万颗恒星编录中的10多万颗类似太阳的恒星附近，寻找运行在适合居住地带的系外行星。
http://kepler.nasa.gov/sci/basis/images/MilkyWay-Kepler-cRoberts.jpg
The spacecraft simultaneously measures the variations in brightness of the more than 100,000 stars every 30 minutes, searching for periodicdips in a star's brightness that happen when an orbiting planet crosses in front of it and partially blocks the light. These fluctuations are tiny compared with the brightness of the star. For an Earth-size planet transiting a solar-type star, the change in brightness is less than 1/100 of 1 percent. This event is similar to the dimming one might see if a flea were to crawl across a car's headlight viewed from several miles away.
每隔30分钟，开普勒望远镜就测量一次10多万恒星的光度，寻找其中光度产生周期性变化的恒星（不是分析光谱——译注）。（从我们视线方向看，）当一个行星运行到恒星前方时，它会遮住恒星的一小部分，从而产生极微弱的恒星光度下降。像地球这么大的行星从太阳前方经过时，光度下降小于万分之一。这有点类似于从数英里外发仙在点亮的汽车大灯前的跳蚤。
When the mission is completed in several years, the survey should tell astronomers how common Earth-size planets are around stars.
数年后这个项目完成时，测量结果将说明类地行星的普遍程度是多少。
Once a month, the Kepler spacecraft will send its science data,about 50 gigabytes, back to Kepler's Mission Operations Center at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado. Raw science data will then be relayed to the Institute's Data Management Center (DMC). DMC Operations will convert the information into Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) files, a digital fileformat used to store, transmit, and manipulate scientific information.FITS is the most commonly used digital file format in astronomy.
每隔一个月，开普勒望远镜会把大约50GB的科学数据发送到开普勒项目运营中心，它位于科罗拉多州立大学的大气层和太空物理实验室内。原始科学数据接着就转发到上述的开普勒数据管理中心（DMC）。DMC然后将把信息转换为可灵活传输图像系统（FITS）文件，一种可以方便的存储、传输和方便编辑科学信息的数字化（图像）文件格式。FITS是天文学研究中使用最普通的数字图像文件格式（当然是无损的）。
The FITS files will be sent to the Kepler Scientific Operations Center(SOC) at Ames Research Center in California, where the science data analysis will be carried out.
最后，FITS文件将会发送到位于加利福尼亚州埃姆斯研究中心的开普勒科学运算中心（SOC，下同），并在那里进行科学数据研究。
PS：经济危机了，NASA经费本来就少好多，能用太空望远镜科研所的那些数据设备怎么还可能再去其他地方造超大型机房。这次我不准备使用卖弄辞藻的“凝眸”了。原始数据处理方面有什么工作，我会在下个月发个帖或者转帖一个来说明。
——gohomeman1注 本帖最后由 gohomeman1 于 2009-7-1 20:01 编辑
继续新闻稿下半部分。待翻译时，我会考虑补充些背景资料图的。
Kepler mission scientists will turn the data into 30-minute snapshots of light from each of the 100,000 or more stars. From these snapshots, the scientists will construct a light curve for each star,which details any brightness fluctuations. They will review the light curves to look for any periodic decrease in brightness, an indication of a possible transiting planet.
开普勒项目科学家将把10多万恒星的原始数据转换为按30分钟间隔的快照集。科学家将从这些快照集构建每个恒星的光变曲线，其中包含详细的、所有的亮度起伏。他们将检查这些光变曲线，从中搜寻任何(细微)的光度周期性减小现象，由此推测可能的行星运动现象。
The mission scientists also will use the light curves to study the stars and their interiors. Because of the quality of the Kepler data and the large number of stars the spacecraft will observe, scientists hope to improve their understanding of stellar evolution.
开普勒项目科学家还将运用光变曲线研究恒星及其内部结构。基于开普勒望远镜巨大的观测数量和优良的数据质量，科学家希望藉此提高对恒星演化的认识。
"The mission's main purpose is to find planets that are the same distance from its solar-type star as Earth is from the Sun," said Daryl Swade, who directed the systems engineering development of Kepler's Data Management Center at the Institute. "So that means that the planet would cross in front of its star every year. We would need three or four of these transits to confirm the detection, which will take about three or four years."
太空望远镜科研所开普勒数据管理中心的系统项目工程主管Daryl Swade说：“项目主旨是发现与我们太阳系日地关系相似的系外行星，这意味着那些行星每年都会从恒星前面穿过。我们需要3~4次的凌日观测数据来证实，这需要3~4年时间。”
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxtTh.jpg
A planet at an Earth-like distance from its star would be in the star's "habitable zone," where temperatures are just right for liquid oceans to exist on the surface without freezing over or evaporating away. On Earth, a liquid ocean was needed to nurture the chemical processes that lead to the appearance of life. This is considered an important prerequisite for life as we know it to appear elsewhere in the galaxy.
一个行星与其恒星的间距类似我们的日地距离意味着它处于“宜居区”，它的温度刚好能让液态水的海洋在其表面存在，既不会永久冰冻也不会被晒干。在地球上，海洋是形成生命的化学过程的必要条件。这也是我们公认在星系其他地方出现（类似地球的）生命的重要的先决条件。
Kepler's science data also will be archived at the Institute. Every three months the SOC at Ames will ship FITS files in a 500-gigabyte computer hard drive to the Institute for storage in the Multimission Archive, or MAST. The archive houses data from about 14 missions,including Hubble, the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE),and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX).
开普勒项目的科学数据同时将在太空望远镜科研所存档。每隔3个月，埃姆斯市的SOC将提交一个存储有500GB的FITS文件的硬盘给科研所，在多任务档案库（MAST）中归档。档案库数据来自14个项目，包括哈勃太空望远镜、远紫外光谱探测卫星（FUSE）和星系演化探测卫星 (GALEX)等。
Based on its strong track record in processing and archiving data, the Institutecould earn a role in many future missions.
基于这些存储记录和存档的数据文件（美国人累不累，一样的东西说2遍。——gohomeman1译注），科研所在将来的许多项目中将继续获益。
"Partnering with other institutions to share the duties of a mission may be a trendfor future missions," Taylor said.
“与其他研究机构合作共享看来是将来项目任务的趋势，”Taylor说。
The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.,Washington, D.C.
太空望远镜科研所隶属美国宇航局，由位于美国华盛顿特区的全美大学天文学研究会协会负责具体运作。
Kepler is a NASA Discovery mission. NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, Calif., is the home organization of the science principal investigator and is responsible for the ground system development, mission operations, and science data analysis. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., managed the Kepler mission development. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colo.,was responsible for developing the Kepler flight system and is supporting mission operations.
开普勒项目是美国宇航局的一个宇宙探索项目。位于加利福尼亚州莫菲特场市的美国宇航局埃姆斯研究中心，是主要的科学项目审查者，负责地面系统建设、任务运作和科学数据眼睛。 位于加利福尼亚州帕萨迪娜市的美国喷气推进实验室，管理开普勒项目运作发展。科罗拉多州Boulder市的Bell宇航科技集团，主要负责开普勒卫星的飞行和技术支持。
CONTACT
联系人
Donna Weaver
唐娜.Weaver
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.
马里兰州巴尔的摩市，太空望远镜科研所
410-338-4493
dweaver@stsci.edu
PS：Boulder的原意是巨石，顽石，附近有著名的Boulder Dam（科罗拉多河上的大坝）。——gohomeman1 本帖最后由 gohomeman1 于 2009-7-1 20:40 编辑
咳，开普勒望远镜的当前人气不是一般的差，链接一张图也慢得很。本图是我特意加上去的。
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/Kepler2008Dec-cmykOnBlk.jpg
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/Kepler2008Dec-cmykOnBlk.jpg
The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is the data archive center for NASA's Kepler mission, a spacecraft that is undertaking a survey for Earth-size planets in our region of the galaxy. The spacecraft sent its first raw science data to STScI on June 19. The Institute's role is to convert the raw science data into files that canbe analyzed by Kepler researchers and to store the files every three months in an archive.
太空望远镜科研所(STScI)是开普勒项目的数据存档中心，开普勒卫星是在我们银河系搜寻类地行星的一个航天器。2009.6.19，开普勒卫星发回其首批原始科学数据到STScI。科研所的职责是把原始科学数据转化为普通文件格式，以便开普勒研究人员使用。这项数据存储工作每3个月实施一次。
The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.,Washington, D.C.
太空望远镜科研所隶属美国宇航局，由位于美国华盛顿特区的全美大学天文学研究会协会负责具体运作。
Kepler is a NASA Discovery mission. NASA Ames Research Center,MoffettField, Calif., is the home organization of the science principalinvestigator and is responsible for the ground system development,mission operations, and science data analysis. NASA Jet PropulsionLaboratory, Pasadena, Calif., managed the Kepler mission development.Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Colo.,wasresponsible for developing the Kepler flight system and is supportingmission operations.
开普勒项目是美国宇航局的一个宇宙探索项目。位于加利福尼亚州莫菲特场市的美国宇航局埃姆斯研究中心，是主要的科学项目审查者，负责地面系统建设、任务运作和科学数据眼睛。位于加利福尼亚州帕萨迪娜市的美国喷气推进实验室，管理开普勒项目运作发展。科罗拉多州Boulder市的Bell宇航科技集团，主要负责开普勒卫星的飞行和技术支持。 虽然英文标题看，是太阳系外地球，但是我认为翻译成类地行星更合理 ::070821_13.jpg::好，到时找个外星老婆！ 哈勃官网的确很久没更新了·········· 谢谢楼上的指正，我把它当做RAW格式了，实际上是原始科学数据的意思。翻译的时候很匆忙，这个先改了，剩下的等晚上了。 本帖最后由 gohomeman1 于 2009-6-28 00:13 编辑
咦，那位指正兄弟q5968661的帖子怎么没了？ 找到外星人了吗？有外星MM吗？ 本帖最后由 gohomeman1 于 2009-7-1 20:54 编辑
给出几个资料参考图，都是来自开普勒官网的http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/art.html
开普勒卫星探测的方向、范围
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/LombergA1024.jpg
探测方向附近的天体，可以看到许多著名的星云。上排：鹰状星云M16、Ω星云、三叶星云、泻湖星云；
中排：北美星云、天鹅座环、加利福尼亚星云、圆锥星云、甘姆星云；
下排：蟹状星云M1、猎户座大星云M42、玫瑰星云等。
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/LombergB1024.jpg 开普勒望远镜的内部结构剖图
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/PhotometerSection_high_r1.jpg
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/PhotometerSection_high_r1.jpg 各类恒星周围的宜居带的示意图。图太大了，可能会很慢。5000X2814
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt.jpg
http://kepler.nasa.gov/media/images/CompLifeZoneRGBwTxt.jpg 感谢楼主的辛苦努力！
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