物理学家建议放弃把时间作为空间的第四维度
http://www.cnbeta.com/articles/182957.htm远在爱因斯坦之前，哲学家就在争论时间的物理属性。此后一百零六年，物理学界一直将时间视为空间的第四维度，数学上将其描述为4D闵可夫斯基时空(Minkowski spacetime)。但一些物理学家仍然主张时间应该完全独立于空间。在一篇新论文中，Amrit Sorli和Davide Fiscaletti指出，如果空间为三维，而时间用于定量空间变化，在该框架下狭义相对论中的两大现象——时间膨胀和长度收缩
新闻的英文原帖在这里
Physicists continue work to abolish time as fourth dimension of spaceApril 14, 2012 by Lisa Zyga http://cdn.physorg.com/tmpl/v3/img/img-dot.gifhttp://cdn.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2012/timealternat.jpgEnlargeLight clocks A and B moving horizontally through space. According to length contraction, clock A should tick faster than clock B. In a new study, scientists argue that there is no length contraction, and both clocks should tick at the same rate in accordance with special relativity. Image credit: Sorli and Fiscaletti.(Phys.org) -- Philosophers have debated the nature of time long before Einstein and modern physics. But in the 106 years since Einstein, the prevailing view in physics has been that time serves as the fourth dimension of space, an arena represented mathematically as 4D Minkowski spacetime. However, some scientists, including Amrit Sorli and Davide Fiscaletti, founders of the Space Life Institute in Slovenia, argue that time exists completely independent from space. In a new study, Sorli and Fiscaletti have shown that two phenomena of special relativity - time dilation and length contraction - can be better described within the framework of a 3D space with time as the quantity used to measure change (i.e., photon motion) in this space.http://phys.org/news/2012-04-physicists-abolish-fourth-dimension-space.html%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dca-pub-0536483524803400%26adU%3Dsiemens.com/Hannovermesse%26adT%3DSiemens%2B%2540%2BHannover%2BMesse%26gl%3DCN&usg=AFQjCNGlAr-y162ix9fPMdLqJ3B_1Qq59Q]Ads by GoogleSiemens @ Hannover Messe - The whole spectrum of innovative technology under one roof! - siemens.com/Hannovermesse
The scientists have published their article in a recent issue of Physics Essays. The work builds on their previous articles, in which they have investigated the definition of time as a “numerical order of material change.”The main concepts of special relativity - that the speed of light is the same in all inertial reference frames, and that there is no absolute reference frame - are traditionally formulated within the framework of Minkowski spacetime. In this framework, the three spatial dimensions are intuitively visualized, while the time dimension is mathematically represented by an imaginary coordinate, and cannot be visualized in a concrete way.In their paper, Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that, while the concepts of special relativity are sound, the introduction of 4D Minkowski spacetime has created a century-long misunderstanding of time as the fourth dimension of space that lacks any experimental support. They argue that well-known time dilation experiments, such as those demonstrating that clocks do in fact run slower in high-speed airplanes than at rest, support special relativity and time dilation but not necessarily Minkowski spacetime or length contraction. According to the conventional view, clocks run slower at high speeds due to the nature of Minkowski spacetime itself as a result of both time dilation and length contraction. But Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that the slow clocks can better be described by the relative velocity between the two reference frames, which the clocks measure, not which the clocks are a part of. In this view, space and time are two separate entities.“With clocks we measure the numerical order of motion in 3D space,” Sorli toldPhys.org. “Time is 'separated' from space in a sense that time is not a fourth dimension of space. Instead, time as a numerical order of change exists in a 3D space. Our model on space and time is founded on measurement and corresponds better to physical reality.”
To illustrate the difference between the two views of time, Sorli and Fiscaletti consider an experiment involving two light clocks. Each clock's ticking mechanism consists of a photon being reflected back and forth between two mirrors, so that a photon's path from one mirror to the other represents one tick of the clock. The clocks are arranged perpendicular to each other on a platform, with clock A oriented horizontally and clock B vertically. When the platform is moved horizontally at a high speed, then according to the length contraction phenomenon in 4D spacetime, clock A should shrink so that its photon has a shorter path to travel, causing it to tick faster than clock B.But Sorli and Fiscaletti argue that the length contraction of clock A and subsequent difference in the ticking rates of clocks A and B do not agree with special relativity, which postulates that the speed of light is constant in all inertial reference frames. They say that, keeping the photon speed the same for both clocks, both clocks should tick at the same rate with no length contraction for clock A. They mathematically demonstrate how to resolve the problem in this way by replacing Minkowski 4D spacetime with a 3D space involving Galilean transformations for three spatial coordinates X, Y, and Z, and a mathematical equation (Selleri's formalism) for the transformation of the velocity of material change, which is completely independent of the spatial coordinates.Sorli explained that this idea that both photon clocks tick at the same rate is not at odds with the experiments with flying clocks and other tests that have measured time dilation. This difference, he says, is due to a difference between photon clocks and atom-based clocks.“The rate of photon clocks in faster inertial systems will not slow down with regard to the photon clocks in a rest inertial system because the speed of light is constant in all inertial systems,” he said. “The rate of atom clocks will slow down because the 'relativity' of physical phenomena starts at the scale of pi mesons.”He also explained that, without length contraction, time dilation exists but in a different way than usually thought.“Time dilatation exists not in the sense that time as a fourth dimension of space dilates and as a result the clock rate is slower,” he explained. “Time dilatation simply means that, in a faster inertial system, the velocity of change slows down and this is valid for all observers. GPS confirms that clocks in orbit stations have different rates from the clocks on the surface of the planet, and this difference is valid for observers that are on the orbit station and on the surface of the planet. So interpreted, 'time dilatation' does not require 'length contraction,' which as we show in our paper leads to a contradiction by the light clocks differently positioned in a moving inertial system.”He added that the alternative definition of time also agrees with the notion of time held by the mathematician and philosopher Kurt Gödel.“The definition of time as a numerical order of change in space is replacing the 106-year-old concept of time as a physical dimension in which change runs,” Sorli said. “We consider time being only a mathematical quantity of change that we measure with clocks. This is in accord with a Gödel view of time. By 1949, Gödel had produced a remarkable proof: 'In any universe described by the theory of relativity, time cannot exist.' Our research confirms Gödel's vision: time is not a physical dimension of space through which one could travel into the past or future.”In the future, Sorli and Fiscaletti plan to investigate how this view of time fits with the broader surroundings. They note that other researchers have investigated abolishing the idea of spacetime in favor of separate space and time entities, but often suggest that this perspective is best formulated within the framework of an ether, a physical medium permeating all of space. In contrast, Sorli and Fiscaletti think that the idea can be better modeled within the framework of a 3D quantum vacuum. Rather than viewingspace as a medium that carries light, light's propagation is governed by the electromagnetic properties (the permeability and permittivity) of the quantum vacuum.“We are developing a mathematical model where gravity is a result of the diminished energy density of a 3D quantum vacuum caused by the presence of a given stellar object or material body,” Sorli said. “Inertial mass and gravitational mass have the same origin: diminished energy density of a quantum vacuum. This model gives exact calculations for the Mercury perihelion precession as calculations of the general theory of relativity.”More information: Amrit Sorli and Davide Fiscaletti. “Special theory of relativity in a three-dimensional Euclidean space.” Physics Essays: March 2012, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 141-143. DOI: 10.4006/0836-1398-25.1.141© 2012 Phys.Org
比我疯狂的人多得是，，，，，，，，，，，，，， Physics Essays, 2011年物理类排名50，影响因子0.346..而且要收录反相文章:L 基本可以判定是某些人的奇思妙想罢了。。与物理学家的建议无关 想把理论变成实际是比较难的 表示英文看着鸭梨好大::070821_02.jpg:: 物理学家继续工作，取消时间作为第四维空间
2012年4月14日，由Lisa Zyga
放大
光时钟A和B水平移动通过空间。根据长度收缩，时钟应打勾速度比时钟B.在一个新的研究中，科学家们认为，有没有长度收缩，时钟都应该在同样的速度在按照狭义相对论打勾。图片来源：Sorli和Fiscaletti。
（Phys.org） - 哲学家们辩论的时间性质没过多久，爱因斯坦与现代物理学。但爱因斯坦以来的106多年中，在物理学的普遍看法一直认为时间作为第四维空间，提供一个舞台上代表数学四维Minkowski时空。然而，一些科学家，包括阿姆里特Sorli和达维德Fiscaletti的，在斯洛文尼亚的空间生命研究所的创始人，认为时间存在完全独立从太空。在一项新的研究中，Sorli和Fiscaletti狭义相对论的两个现象 - 时间膨胀和长度收缩 - 可以更好地描述一个三维空间的框架内用于衡量变化的数量与时间（即光子的运动）这个空间。
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科学家们他们的文章发表在最近一期的物理散文。工作的基础上他们以前的文章，在他们所调查的时间定义为“重大变化的数值顺序。”
光速在所有惯性参照系中是相同的，并没有绝对的参照系 - - 狭义相对论的主要概念是传统的Minkowski时空的框架内制定。在此框架内，在三维空间的直观可视化的，而时间维度数学由一个假想的坐标表示，并不能在具体的方式可视化。
在他们的论文，Sorli和Fiscaletti争论，而狭义相对论的概念是健全的，可夫斯基四维时空的引进创造了一个世纪的时间长的误解，作为第四维空间，没有任何实验支持。他们认为，知名的时间膨胀实验证明，钟表运行在高速飞机其实比休息时慢如，支持狭义相对论和时间膨胀，但不一定是Minkowski时空或长度收缩。根据传统观点，时钟运行由于Minkowski时空的时间膨胀和长度收缩的结果，本身的性质，高的速度慢的。但Sorli和Fiscaletti认为慢时钟可以更好地描述两个参照系，其中钟表的措施，而不是时钟的一部分之间的相对速度。鉴于此，空间和时间是两个独立的实体。
“随着时钟，我们在三维空间测量的数字顺序的议案，”Sorli toldPhys.org。 “时间是”分离“在一定意义上的空间，时间是不是一个第四维空间。相反，作为一个变化的数字顺序的时间在一个三维空间中存在。我们对时间和空间的模型是建立在测量和对应物理现实。“
为了说明时间的两种观点之间的差异，Sorli和Fiscaletti考虑实验涉及两个光时钟。每个时钟的滴答作响的机制，包括反映两面镜子之间，所以，一个光子的路径从一个镜像到其他代表一个时钟的滴答声，来回一个光子。时钟相互垂直排列在一个平台上，一个水平方向和时钟乙垂直时钟。平台时在一个较高的速度水平移动，然后根据在四维时空中，时钟的长度收缩现象，应收缩，所以它的光子有一个较短的路径前往，使其打勾比时钟乙快
但Sorli和Fiscaletti认为长度收缩的时钟和随后在A和B不同意狭义相对论，假设光速在所有惯性参照系不断的时钟滴答滴答率的差异。他们说，保持光子的速度相同的两个时钟，时钟都应该打勾没有时钟A的长度收缩的数学，他们演示了如何解决这样的问题，更换一个三维空间可夫斯基四维时空，以同样的速度涉及三个空间坐标X，Y和Z，数学方程式的重大变化的速度，这是完全独立的空间坐标转换（Selleri的形式主义）伽利略变换。
sorli解释说，这两个光子钟表打勾以同样的速度，这种想法是没有飞行时钟和其他测试，测量时间膨胀实验的赔率。他说，这种差异是由于光子时钟和基于原子时钟之间的差异。
“更快的惯性系统中的光子时钟速度也不会慢下来休息惯性系统中的光子钟表方面，因为光速是恒定在所有惯性系统，”他说。 “原子时钟速度将放缓，因为物理现象的”相对论“的pi介子的规模开始。”
他还解释说，没有长度收缩，时间膨胀，但以不同的方式比通常认为的存在。
“时间扩张不存在时间作为第四维空间扩张，因此时钟速度较慢，在这个意义上，”他解释说。 “时间膨胀，仅仅意味着更快的惯性系统，变化的速度减慢，这是适用于所有观察员。 GPS的确认，在轨道站的时钟从地球表面上不同的时钟速率，与此不同的是有效期为轨道站和地球表面上的观察员。这样解释，“时间膨胀”并不需要“长度收缩”，这正如我们在我们的论文表明，导致矛盾运动惯性系统在不同位置的光时钟。“
他补充说，其他时间的定义也同意，随着时间的概念由数学家和哲学家哥德尔举行。
“定义的时间，作为一个在太空中的数值变化正在取代改变在运行的物理尺寸为106岁的时间概念，”Sorli说。 “我们认为只有数学的变化量，我们测量与时钟的时间。这是哥德尔认为协议的时间。到1949年，哥德尔产生了显着的证明：“在宇宙相对论，时间不能存在的理论所描述的任何。”我们的研究证实了哥德尔的愿景：时间是不是通过哪一个可以旅行到过去或未来的空间物理尺寸。“
在未来，Sorli和Fiscaletti计划，探讨如何这段时间的看法与更广泛的环境适合。他们指出，其他研究人员已经研究取消在赞成独立的时间和空间实体的时空的想法，但往往表明，这个角度最好醚的框架内，制定了贯穿所有空间物理介质。相比之下，Sorli和Fiscaletti认为这个想法可以更好地模拟一个三维的量子真空的框架内。而非viewingspace作为一种媒介，进行光，光的传播是由量子真空的电磁特性（渗透率和介电常数）。
“我们正在开发一种数学模型，重力是存在一个给定的恒星的物体或物质的身体造成一个三维的量子真空能量密度减少的结果，”Sorli说。 “惯性质量和引力质量有相同的起源：一个量子真空能量密度减少。该模型给出了广义相对论的计算精确的计算，水星近日点进动。“
翻译质量…… 继续等待高品质翻译的出现。
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