NASA又要发射火星探测器
http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/m2020/mission/overview/http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/m2020/images/PIA14839-fi.jpg
Building on the success of Curiosity's landing, NASA has announced plans for a new robotic science rover set to launch in 2020. This announcement affirms the agency's commitment to a bold exploration program that meets our nation's scientific and human exploration objectives.The proposed 2020 rover mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the red planet. Designed to advance high-priority science goals for Mars exploration, the mission would address key questions about the potential for life on Mars. The mission would also provide opportunities to gather knowledge and demonstrate technologies that address the challenges of future human expeditions to Mars.
The mission would take advantage of a favorable launch opportunity in 2020 when Earth and Mars are in advantageous positions in their orbits for a Mars landing. That means that it would take less power to get to Mars relative to other times when Earth and Mars are in different positions in their orbits around the sun. The highly capable rover would be based on NASA's successful Mars Science Laboratory mission architecture, including its Curiosity rover and proven landing system, to keep mission costs and risks as low as possible.
The budget for this mission is contingent on future appropriations. The project will assess options for infusing new capabilities through investments by NASA's Space Technology Program, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, and contributions from international partners.
Studying Mars' Habitability and Preparing for Future Human Missions
Following established processes of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, the science planning process has begun with the establishment of a science definition team, which is tasked to outline the mission's objectives and the strategies to achieve them, including developing a realistic surface operations scenario, suggestions for threshold science measurements that would meet the proposed objectives, and a proof-of-concept instrument suite. NASA's plans include openly competing the opportunity for the mission's specific payload and science instruments.
The mission design would respond to recommendations found in the National Research Council's 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey, as well as findings of the Mars Program Planning Group, established to assist NASA in planning the future of Mars exploration.
Relying on Innovative Technologies
The mission will rely on prior technological innovations, especially for entry, descent, and landing. As successfully demonstrated by the Mars Science Laboratory mission, the spacecraft would use a guided entry, descent, and landing system, which includes a parachute, descent vehicle, and, during the final seconds prior to landing, an approach called a "skycrane maneuver" for lowering the rover on a tether to the surface. This landing system represents a huge step in Mars surface science and exploration capability because it provides the ability to land a very large, heavy rover on the surface of Mars in a more precise landing area.
The rover design would also enable a Curiosity-class, long-range mobility system on the surface of the red planet (5-20 kilometers or about 3 to 12 miles) for the investigation of diverse rocks and soils, and potentially other studies.
谁给翻译下！！
晕啊，你这么老是发英文信息呢…… 嗯 勉强猜懂了！ 在好奇登陆成功的基础上，美国航空航天局已经宣布在2020年推出一个新的机器人科学流动站计划。本公告申明了一个大胆的探索计划，以满足我们国家（美国）的科学和人类探索的目标。提出2020流动站任务是NASA的火星探测计划，机器人探索这颗红色行星的长期努力的一部分，该机构的承诺。旨在推动高优先级的火星探测的科学目标，特派团将解决关键问题，关于火星上存在生命的潜力。特派团将收集的知识和展示技术，解决未来人类到火星探险的挑战也提供了机会。
特派团将利用一个有利的发射机会，到2020年时，地球和火星的火星着陆在它们的轨道有利的位置。这意味着，它需要相对于其他时候较少的功率去火星，地球和火星都在自己的轨道绕太阳在不同的位置。精干的月球车将基于NASA成功的火星科学实验室任务的体系结构，包括它的好奇心的流动站和可靠的着陆系统，以保持任务尽可能低的成本和风险。
这一使命的预算是对未来的拨款而定。该项目将评估注入了新的功能，通过投资，由美国国家航空航天局的太空技术计划，人类探索和运行任务部，国际合作伙伴的贡献。
研究为未来的载人火星的可居住性和准备
在建立过程NASA的科学任务局，在科学规划的过程已经开始建立一个科学的定义团队，这是任务，以勾勒出飞行任务目标的的策略，以实现这些目标，包括发展一个现实的表面操作情况下，建议的阈值科学测量，将满足所提出的目标和概念验证的仪器套件。美国航空航天局的计划，包括特定任务的有效载荷和科学仪器公开竞争的机会。
任务设计，会发表在2011年美国国家研究委员会的行星科学十年调查，以及调查结果成立，以协助国家航空航天局的火星探测计划未来的火星计划规划小组，建议作出回应。
依托创新技术
任务将依赖于以前的技术创新，特别是进入，下降和着陆。火星科学实验室任务成功地证明了现有技术，飞船将使用引导进入，下降和着陆系统，其中包括一个降落伞系统统的车，在着陆前的最后几秒钟，这种方法称为“skycrane（天空起重机）的机动”用于把流动站吊到火星表面上。此着陆系统在火星表面科学和探索能力是一个巨大的一步，因为它可将很重的车更精确的降落在火星表面着陆区范围内。
路虎设计也使好奇心级，远程机动系统对这颗红色行星的表面（5-20公里或3至12公里）的调查不同的岩石和土壤中，可能还有其他的研究。（google翻译后整理）
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