搬运:单反摄影如何选择合适的ISO
本帖最后由 ecloud 于 2015-5-25 02:32 编辑之前拍摄的M81 & M82有核心过曝的情况,于是做了一些功课
先引用CN上面的一些见解:
The ISO for unity gain varies incredibly from camera to camera e.g. around ISO 200 for the Nikon 7000 and around ISO 4000 on the Sony A7S.It can also vary considerably within one manufacturer's range of cameras e.g. Canon.It is a function of bit depth and number of electrons for saturation.
There is an easy way to determine unity ISO for your camera, assuming it appears in the list at http://www.sensorgen.info/ and assuming the accuracy of those figures.
For a 12 bit camera the unity gain occurs at the ISO whose saturation is nearest 4096
For a 14 bit camera the unity gain occurs at the ISO whose saturation is nearest 16384
For a 16 bit camera (do they exist?)the unity gain occurs at the ISO whose saturation is nearest 65536
然后一个很有用的网站
http://www.sensorgen.info
(以上数据再次证明了Pentax K5系列的天文神机地位)
我之前对单反的ISO理解不透彻,一直根据DXO的评测数据,在K5上使用ISO1600,其实这并不是“unity gain”
按照上面的数据和原理,K5的unity gain大约在ISO250,不过此时的读出噪声偏高,比ISO1600高出将近50%
如何在Read Noise和Saturation 之间平衡,是个伤脑筋的事情
我的建议是,随机应变
如果目标光比不大,比如暗星云,例如玫瑰,可以更多向噪声方面倾斜,宽容度可以放弃一些
如果目标是星系,或者类似M42这样的大光比目标,则以宽容度为首要考虑
如果有足够的张数和充分Dithering,我个人认为Read Noise的影响不会太大
最后一点说明的是,在总曝光量一定的前提下,在后期技术过关的前提下,在一定的范围内组合张数,单张时间和ISO三个变量,最终合成后期的片子,效果几乎是一样的。唯一的区别在于信噪比和动态范围
首先单反必须要做Dithering,要Dithering起到充分效果,张数至少30张,这是底线。张数的上限以60张为宜,因为太多了提升效果就不明显了。在30-60这个张数范围内,根据目标的特点灵活分配ISO和单张曝光时间
不错的网站! 中文干货略少。。。业余时间实在不想看英文。。。 顺便请教下,
Make Canon ISO Measured ISO Read Noise (e-) Saturation (e-) DR (stops)
Model EOS-6D 100 80 26.4 74256 11.5
Sensor Canon 200 153 14.5 40217 11.4
Tech CMOS 400 311 7.8 19895 11.3
Date 17/9/2012 800 616 5.0 10375 11.0
Pixels 3708x5568 1600 1210 3.1 5127 10.7
Size 24.0x36.0mm 3200 2400 2.3 2481 10.1
Pixel size 6.5 micron 6400 4991 2.0 1242 9.3
Bits 14 12800 10052 1.8 604 8.4
Q.E. 47% 25600 19796 2.2 316 7.1
51200 35833 1.6 161 6.7
102400 70864 2.7 108 5.3
这个是在说6D最低读出噪声是在ISO51200上,宽容度在ISO100上达到74256?
Dithering是什么意思? 孔方 发表于 2015-5-25 11:34
顺便请教下,
Make Canon ISO Measured ISO Read Noise (e-) Saturation (e-) DR (stops)
感动牌低感难用,读出太高。saturation是满阱电荷数,但是这相机是14位的,所以找个接近1W6的值就行了,再多效率就低了。6弟的话,1600还算折衷点儿。
英文太差看不懂。。。 孔方 发表于 2015-5-25 11:34
顺便请教下,
Make Canon ISO Measured ISO Read Noise (e-) Saturation (e-) DR (stops)
Dithering是指,在每帧之间进行少量位移,一般通过导星实现
ecloud 发表于 2015-5-26 13:10
Dithering是指,在每帧之间进行少量位移,一般通过导星实现
非常感谢~~
Mazo 发表于 2015-5-25 12:26
感动牌低感难用,读出太高。saturation是满阱电荷数,但是这相机是14位的,所以找个接近1W6的值就行了, ...
感谢,很好的参考
一直不明白那些QE超过100的是怎么回事 宋城冬叶 发表于 2015-6-23 19:05
一直不明白那些QE超过100的是怎么回事
The carrier multiplication effect in a dot can be understood as creating multiple excitons, and is called multiple exciton generation.
MEG may considerably increase the energy conversion efficiency of nanocrystal based solar cells, though extracting the energy may be difficult because of the short lifetimes of the multiexcitons.
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