科学家发现自转最快中子星 比地球快1亿倍(图)
欧洲空间局的科学家最近宣布,他们借助强大的“Integral”天文望远 镜,发现了迄今转速最快的中子星,每秒旋转1122圈,比地球自转快1亿倍。最先观测到这颗星的西班牙天文学家库克勒说,早在1999年便已发现了这颗代号为J1739-285的中子星,但 不久前才通过望远镜算出它的转速。
这颗中子星的直径约10公里,但质量却与太阳相近,其密度惊人,高达每立方厘米1亿吨。其巨大引力从临近 恒星不断夺取大量炙热气体,并不断诱发热核爆炸。
天文学家正是通过这种现象发现了它。此前的中子星自转纪录是每秒716圈,恒星转速一般在每秒270-715 圈。700圈曾被认为是天体旋转极限,按目前的物理学理论,转速超过此极限,恒星将被强大离心力摧毁或化 为黑洞。但最新发现否定了这一看法。
理论上,每秒1122转并不是旋转极限,大型中子星转速有可能高达3000转。令天文学家困惑的是,为什么天 体在高速旋转的强大离心力下,却依然会不断收缩,而且不损失自身物质。
本文摘自上海网上天文台 引用: 水星人 在文中说道:
令天文学家困惑的是,为什么天体在高速旋转的强大离心力下,却依然会不断收缩,而且不损失自身物质。
如果只考虑万有引力,最大角速度的平方与天体的密度成正比
引用: 水星人 在文中说道:
其密度惊人,高达每立方厘米1亿吨
按此密度计算,不应超过600转/秒
微观世界俺不懂,莫非是强相互作用在帮忙? 根据我们的MO模型,脉冲的频率不等于自转频率,也就是说,该星的自转频率未必有那么高。
现在,周期最长的11.765735秒,最短的0.891毫秒,我们预计,更高和更低频率还会不断地刷新。
[ 本帖最后由 愚石 于 2007-3-21 16:18 编辑 ] 西部牛仔决斗的时候,枪一响,子弹以每小时1600公里的速度飞向对方....::35:: 原帖由 千眼观音 于 2007-3-21 16:00 发表
西部牛仔决斗的时候,枪一响,子弹以每小时1600公里的速度飞向对方....::35::
在双脉冲星系统PSR J0373-3039A/B被发现以后,中国的和外国的脉冲星专家都曾经根据灯塔模型给出预言:转轴的进动会让该脉冲星(A星)的波形轮廓发生很快的演化。但是几年的观测显示,预期的演化根本就没有出现。
在没有看到它们的观测结果之前,我们就根据MO模型给出了相反的预言。结果,我们的预言得到了很好的验证。我们这个预言并非马后炮,而是在看到观测报告之前就跟乌鲁木齐天文站的专家谈论过。
[ 本帖最后由 愚石 于 2007-3-21 16:28 编辑 ]
回复 #5 愚石 的帖子
::29::问:
经过多少个小时后,西部牛仔挂掉了? (假定距离三千万微米)
科学家是如何确定该中子星的自转频率的!
We report on millisecond variability from the X-ray transient XTE J1739-285. We detected six X-ray type I bursts and found evidence for oscillations at 1122±0.3 Hz in the brightest X-ray burst. Taking into consideration the power in the oscillations and the number of trials in the search, the detection is significant at the 99.96% confidence level. If the oscillations are confirmed, the oscillation frequency would suggest that XTE J1739-285 contains the fastest rotating neutron star yet found. We also found millisecond quasi-periodic oscillations in the persistent emission with frequencies ranging from 757 to 862 Hz. Using the brightest burst, we derive an upper limit on the source distance of about 10.6 kpc.http://www.journals.uchicago.edu ... =doi:10.1086/513270
以上可见:这次科学家是根据X射线爆发的震荡来确定该中子星的自转频率的,而不是无线电扫描的脉冲频率!!
[ 本帖最后由 boomerang 于 2007-3-21 17:42 编辑 ] 宇宙真的是太不可思议了,很多东西是我们的思维无法想象的。到现在四维空间我还没有想明白呢 Integral points to the fastest spinning neutron star
16 February 2007
Astronomers using ESA's gamma-ray observatory, Integral, have detected what appears to be the fastest spinning neutron star yet. This tiny stellar corpse is spinning 1122 times every second. If confirmed, the discovery gives astronomers the chance to glimpse the insides of the dead star.
The neutron star, known by its catalogue number XTE J1739-285, was discovered during one of its active phases on 19 October 1999 by NASA's Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. In August 2005, while Integral was monitoring the bulge of the Galaxy, XTE J1739-285 started to come back to life. About a month later Integral discovered the first short bursts of X-rays from the object.
Erik Kuulkers of the ESA Integral Science Operations Centre, Spain, who leads the Galactic bulge monitoring programme, informed Philip Kaaret, University of Iowa, via email that things were still hotting up near the end of October. Kaaret arranged for the RXTE satellite to observe XTE J1739-285 between 31 October and 16 November. Together the two satellites recorded about twenty bursts between September and November.
Just because a star dies, it doesn't mean its life is over. A neutron star is the tiny heart of a collapsed star. Measuring about 10 kilometres across, yet containing something like the mass of the Sun, the interior of a neutron star is the most exotic realm that astronomers can imagine. According to their calculations a thimbleful of neutron star material weighs a hundred million tonnes.
When a neutron star orbits another star, its strong gravitational field can pull gas from the other star. This coats the surface of the neutron star. When the coating reaches a height of between 5-10 metres, the gas ignites in a thermonuclear explosion. This massive release of energy generally lasts from between several seconds to several minutes and a burst of X-rays is released.
Previous observations of other neutron stars have shown that the X-rays emitted during bursts display oscillations that correspond to the rotation rate of the neutron stars. So the team began analysing the XTE J1739-285 bursts for oscillations. What they found was astounding. In the brightest burst, which RXTE recorded on 4 November, there were indeed oscillations but they were nearly twice as fast as any previously observed.
"It was quite a surprise to us," admits Kuulkers. However, after running a series of checks, the team satisfied themselves that the oscillations were indeed taking place 1122 times a second (1122 Hz).
Previously, the fastest neutron stars were known to spin with frequencies between 270-619 Hz. This had led some astronomers to estimate, using statistical arguments, that the fastest a neutron star could spin was 760 Hz. If the new observations are confirmed, XTE J1739-285 smashes this limit.
"Our detection is just above the level where we think there is something real. We definitely need more observations. If we see the signal again, then everyone will believe it," says Kuulkers.
This doesn't mean that neutron stars can spin as fast as they like. If the spin is too fast, even the crushing gravity of the star will be unable to hold matter to the surface and the star will break up. The exact break-up speed depends on the internal conditions of a neutron star and as yet, astronomers do not know these precisely.
"Our putative 1122 Hz detection places a serious constraint on neutron star models. If we can find more stars that spin in this range, it will certainly allow us to exclude some models of their interior structure," says Kuulkers.
So, now it is just a matter of patience. The astronomers will keep watch, not only for XTE J1739-285 to burst again, but also for other fast-spinning X-ray neutron stars.
从以上我们可以看出科学家们还没有完全肯定这颗中子星的1122转/秒的结论!还需要耐心和继续观察! 原帖由 boomerang 于 2007-3-21 17:33 发表
We report on millisecond variability from the X-ray transient XTE J1739-285. We detected six X-ray type I bursts and found evidence for oscillations at 1122±0.3 Hz in the brightest X-ray burst. Takin ...
十分感谢你提供的论文链接。粗略看了一遍,十分感兴趣。它可能就是我们一直想找到的一种观测结果。
他们得到X射线爆数据中,存在着1122Hz的信号。他们倾向于把这个调制信号看成中子星自转产生的。而我们考虑,很可能是磁场振荡对X射线爆产生了调制作用。因为他们谈到了半频现象,而我们正需要半频信号(奇偶差异)的支持。
我们猜想,这是一颗信号很弱的脉冲星,以至于平时观察不到它的辐射脉冲。但是,由于吸积(或其它原因)使得它开始辐射X射线时,就会暴露出磁场振荡的信号。到底是自转信号还是磁场振荡信号,可以用奇偶信号(也就是半频信号)来区分。如果在流量或偏振上确实存在着奇偶差异(可能很微弱),就可以强力地支持我们的模型。
[ 本帖最后由 愚石 于 2007-3-21 21:55 编辑 ] Previous observations of other neutron stars have shown that the X-rays emitted during bursts display oscillations that correspond to the rotation rate of the neutron stars.
可见:他们对X-射线震荡发射频率和中子星转动频率的关系是有观测根据的。
When a neutron star orbits another star, its strong gravitational field can pull gas from the other star. This coats the surface of the neutron star. When the coating reaches a height of between 5-10 metres, the gas ignites in a thermonuclear explosion
中子星的强引力场从另一颗星上吸引气体,当吸积的气体在中子星上积累到一定厚度(5-10米)时,就会引起气体的核燃烧 从而发生热核爆炸!
可见:由于引力吸积气体 而使温度升高,而使气体达到核聚变的点火温度,而使气体发生核爆炸,从而释放出 X-射线!
[ 本帖最后由 boomerang 于 2007-3-21 23:44 编辑 ] 原帖由 boomerang 于 2007-3-21 23:43 发表
可见:他们对X-射线震荡发射频率和中子星转动频率的关系是有观测根据的。
这种"根据"我估计是推测出来的而不是观测出来的.因为我们现在还不可能看到中子星的转动.这和脉冲星的转动是一样的.脉冲星的转动就是推测出来的,不是观测出来的,科学家在计算否定了径向振荡和双星轨道效应以后,认为只能是自转效应了.并没有真正的观测证据.要是有观测证据,就不用通过计算来否定震荡模型和双星轨道模型了.
中子星的强引力场从另一颗星上吸引气体,当吸积的气体在中子星上积累到一定厚度(5-10米)时,就会引起气体的核燃烧 从而发生热核爆炸!
可见:由于引力吸积气体 而使温度升高,而使气体达到核聚变的点火温度,而使气体发生核爆炸,从而释放出 X-射线!
我们也是同意你的这种分析。
不过,就像太阳上面有耀斑爆发出现,也有核燃烧,但是并不排除磁场的反转振荡.相反,太阳的核燃烧和耀斑等都受到磁场振荡周期的控制(调制),都有11年的周期(太阳的光度每11年中有2%左右的变化).
黑子蝴蝶图不光有11年的周期,而且还有奇偶差异(11年强,11年弱,大约相差11%)。如果我们在遥远的地方观测太阳,假设我们只能测出黑子占的面积百分比,不能看清黑子的分布,也不能测到磁场的变化,肯定也会认为太阳的自转周期为11年。因为黑子面积有11年的变化周期。进一步,假设我们还能分辨出黑子面积的奇偶差异,可能会认为太阳上有大小两个黑子群,22年转动一周。这就像脉冲星里边的中介脉冲。
假设我们在遥远的地方观测太阳,既不能观测到它的黑子,也不能观测到它的转动,只是观测到它的光度每11年中有2%左右的变化,磁场每过11年变化一次,我们肯定也会认为太阳是一颗周期为11年的普通磁变星,会认为它的自转周期为11年,因为这与磁变星的特征完全符合。
所以有理由怀疑,现在的变星、脉冲星和中子星的研究可能就是错误地把磁场反转造成的各种效应,看成了自转效应。
[ 本帖最后由 愚石 于 2007-3-22 11:45 编辑 ] “愚石‘朋友是学什么专业的啊!为什么只对”脉冲星’情有独钟‘呢???
如果你认为你的想法正确的话,你可以和天体物理的专业学者沟通一下啊!
例如:徐仁新教授 http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu/chinese.htm 原帖由 boomerang 于 2007-3-23 22:20 发表
“愚石‘朋友是学什么专业的啊!为什么只对”脉冲星’情有独钟‘呢???
如果你认为你的想法正确的话,你可以和天体物理的专业学者沟通一下啊!
例如:徐仁新教授 http://vega.bac.pku.edu.cn/rxxu/chinese.htm ...
不好意思,本人是工科毕业,与天文无关,业余鼓捣一下,也只是对星体磁场的起源和振荡行为感兴趣。
和徐教授见过面,但是未及深谈,但愿以后能够向他请教一番。
欢迎光临我们的博客 http://www.astronomy.com.cn/x/index.php?action/space/uid/25785 ::27:: ::33:: ::33:: ::27:: ::27:: 原帖由 systi 于 2007-3-27 21:38 发表
恒星转速一般在每秒270-715 圈
太阳根据黑子判断,自转没这么快吧
我想,作者在这里说的恒星可能是仅指中子星。
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