霍金被称为继爱之后最伟大的科学家
霍金被称为继爱之后最伟大的科学家，这是？他目前只是提出了二理论，黑洞理论和量子宇宙论，但均无有力证据。 "他目前只是提出了二理论"????你还是好好查查资料吧!!
正常。
只不过立场不同而已。这个所谓最伟大，是她的本家，英国说的。美国没有杰出的科学家，也就支持自己的英国老祖宗了。而苏联人一般认为是朗道（其实这个绝对比霍金更称得上，但美国绝对不会承认一个苏联人的），德国人一般认为是海森堡，意大利认为是费米。这和如下情形是一样的：
希腊的史学家认为阿基米德是古代最伟大的科学家，而中国的史学家一直认为张衡是古代最伟大的科学家（这个西方从希腊那里继承的文化，他们也不乐意承认）。
张衡等于阿基米德+达芬奇。说等于达芬奇，张衡是整个两汉时期最耀眼的文学艺术家，是写过《两京赋》的文学状元，书法和绘画也是当时的高峰，等等。说等于阿基米德，则浑天仪（6道的！）领先西方一千多年，地动仪领先近2000年，这都是很难得的。
张衡（78-139），字平子，南阳西鄂（今河南南阳市石桥镇）人。他是我国东汉时期伟大（这个词在中国的任何科学家中都没有！比如郭守敬被官方史书仅称之为著名。在世界史上，也不过形容牛顿之类，法拉第、洛仑兹这样的古典物理的天才，不过是号称著名。）的天文学家，为我国天文学的发展作出了不可磨灭的贡献；在数学、地理、绘画和文学等方面，张衡也表现出了非凡的才能和广博的学识。
张衡指出月球本身并不发光，月光其实是日光的反射；他还正确地解释了月食的成因，并且认识到宇宙的无限性和行星运动的快慢与距离地球远近的关系。
张衡观测记录了两千五百颗恒星，创制了世界上第一架能比较准确地表演天象的漏水转浑天仪，第一架测试地震的仪器——候风地动仪，还制造出了指南车、自动记里鼓车、飞行数里的木鸟等等。
张衡共著有科学、哲学、和文学著作三十二篇，其中天文著作有《灵宪》和《灵宪图》等。
20世纪中国著名文学家、历史学家郭沫若对张衡的评价是：“如此全面发展之人物，在世界史中亦所罕见，万祀千龄，令人景仰。” 原来霍是这样一位伟大人物?::070821_17.jpg::
回复 3# 的帖子
不知道霍金是美国的外籍特聘教授？另外，评价某人是否伟大，有多伟大，主要看两点：
一、他的贡献在当时的历史环境、阶段，对人类科技的进步有多大价值；
二、他的贡献、成就有多少；
不存在什么立场不立场，国家民族关系也扯不上。
具体到历史上的名家，也主要因为他们分别在不同领域和研究方向上都有不同贡献（并且是在不同历史阶段分别做出了有助于社会进步的不同贡献），这些成就因为不在同一历史阶段或者不属于同一领域，而没有可比性，似乎hjfgcx只知道科学家的国籍，而不理会他们在什么历史阶段有哪些贡献。
[ 本帖最后由 worren 于 2008-4-25 20:24 编辑 ] 另外楼主听二楼的劝，多查资料，别什么话都信，自己动点脑筋::luguo:: 霍金是个不错的科学家~挺让人敬佩的~
Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA (born 8 January 1942) is a British theoretical physicist. Hawking is the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, especially in the context of black holes, and his popular works in which he discusses his own theories and cosmology in general. These include the runaway popular science bestseller A Brief History of Time, which stayed on the British Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks.
His key scientific works to date have included providing, with Roger Penrose, theorems regarding singularities in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes should emit radiation, which is today known as Hawking radiation, or sometimes as Bekenstein-Hawking radiation. His scientific career spans more than 40 years and his books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity and world-renowned theoretical physicist. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts. Hawking is disabled by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The illness has progressed over the years and he is now almost completely paralyzed.
Contents[hide]
1 Biography 2 Research fields 3 Losing an old bet 4 Illness 5 Computer 6 Acclaim [*]6.1 Statues7 Distinctions 8 Selected publications 8.1 Technical 8.2 Popular [*]8.3 Films and series9 Awards 10 Media appearances 11 See also 12 Notes and references [*]13 External links
BiographyStephen William Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 to Frank Hawking, a research biologist, and Isobel Hawking. He had two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary, and an adopted brother, Edward. Though Hawking’s parents had their home in North London, they moved to Oxford while Isobel was pregnant with Stephen, desiring a safer location for the birth of their first child (London was under attack at the time by the Luftwaffe). After Hawking was born, the family moved back to London, where his father headed the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research.
In 1950, Hawking and his family moved to St Albans in Hertfordshire where he attended St Albans High School for Girls between 1950 to 1953. Unlike today, boys were educated at that time at the Girls school until the age of 10. From the age of 11, he attended St Albans School, where he was a good, but not an exceptional, student. When asked later to name a teacher who had inspired him, Hawking named his Mathematics teacher, “Mr Tahta”. He maintains his connection with the school, giving his name to one of the four houses and to an extracurricular science lecture series. He has visited to deliver one of the lectures and has also granted a lengthy interview to pupils working on the school magazine, the Albanian.
He was always interested in science. He enrolled at University College, Oxford with the intent of studying mathematics, although his father preferred he go into medicine. Since mathematics was not offered at University College, Hawking instead chose physics. His interests during this time were in thermodynamics, relativity, and quantum mechanics. His physics tutor, Robert Berman, later said in the New York Times Magazine, “It was only necessary for him to know that something could be done, and he could do it without looking to see how other people did it. ... He didn’t have very many books, and he didn’t take notes. Of course, his mind was completely different from all of his contemporaries.” He was passing with his fellow students, but his unimpressive study habits gave him a final examination score on the borderline between first and second class honours, making an “oral examination” necessary. Berman said of the oral examination, “And of course the examiners then were intelligent enough to realize they were talking to someone far more clever than most of themselves.”
After receiving his B.A. degree at Oxford University in 1962, he stayed to study astronomy. He decided to leave when he found that studying sunspots, which was all the observatory was equipped for, did not appeal to him and that he was more interested in theory than in observation. He left Oxford for Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he engaged in the study of theoretical astronomy and cosmology.
Almost as soon as he arrived at Cambridge, he started developing symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (colloquially known as Lou Gehrig’s disease), a type of motor neuron disease which would cost him the loss of almost all neuromuscular control. During his first two years at Cambridge, he did not distinguish himself, but, after the disease had stabilized and with the help of his doctoral tutor, Dennis William Sciama, he returned to working on his Ph.D. Stephen revealed that he did not see much point in obtaining a doctorate if he was to die soon. Hawking later said that the real turning point was his 1965 marriage to Jane Wilde, a language student. After gaining his Ph.D. Stephen became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College.
Jane Hawking, née Wilde, Hawking’s first wife, with whom he had three children, cared for him until 1991 when the couple separated, reportedly due to the pressures of fame and his increasing disability. Hawking married his nurse, Elaine Mason (who was also the previous wife of David Mason, designer of the first version of Hawking’s talking computer), in 1995. In October 2006, Hawking filed for divorce.
In 1999, Jane Hawking published a memoir, Music to Move the Stars, detailing her own long-term relationship with a family friend whom she later married. Hawking’s daughter Lucy Hawking is a novelist. Their son Robert Hawking emigrated to the United States, married, and has one child, George Edward Hawking. Reportedly, Hawking and his first family were reconciled in 2007.
Hawking was elected as one of the youngest Fellows of the Royal Society in 1974, was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1982, and became a Companion of Honour in 1989. Hawking is a member of the Board of Sponsors of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
At the celebration of his 65th birthday on January 8, 2007, Hawking announced his plans for a zero-gravity flight in 2007 to prepare for a sub-orbital spaceflight in 2009 on Virgin Galactic’s space service. Billionaire Richard Branson pledged to pay all expenses for the flight, costing an estimated £100,000. Stephen Hawking’s zero-gravity flight in a “Vomit Comet” of Zero Gravity Corporation, during which he experienced weightlessness eight times, took place on April 26, 2007.
He became the first quadriplegic to float free in a weightless state. This was the first time in 40 years that he moved freely beyond the confines of his wheelchair. The fee is normally $3,750 for 10-15 plunges, but Hawking was not required to pay the fee. A bit of a futurist, Hawking was quoted before the flight saying “Many people have asked me why I am taking this flight. I am doing it for many reasons. First of all, I believe that life on Earth is at an ever increasing risk of being wiped out by a disaster such as sudden global warming, nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus, or other dangers. I think the human race has no future if it doesn’t go into space. I therefore want to encourage public interest in space.”
Research fieldsHawking’s principal fields of research are theoretical cosmology and quantum gravity.
In the late 1960s, he and his Cambridge friend and colleague, Roger Penrose, applied a new, complex mathematical model they had created from Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity. This led, in 1970, to Hawking proving the first of many singularity theorems; such theorems provide a set of sufficient conditions for the existence of a singularity in space-time. This work showed that, far from being mathematical curiosities which appear only in special cases, singularities are a fairly generic feature of general relativity.
He supplied a mathematical proof, along with Brandon Carter, Werner Israel and D. Robinson, of John Wheeler’s “No-Hair Theorem” – namely, that any black hole is fully described by the three properties of mass, angular momentum, and electric charge.
Hawking also suggested that, upon analysis of gamma ray emissions, after the Big Bang, primordial or mini black holes were formed. With Bardeen and Carter, he proposed the four laws of black hole mechanics, drawing an analogy with thermodynamics. In 1974, he calculated that black holes should thermally create and emit subatomic particles, known today as Hawking radiation, until they exhaust their energy and evaporate.
In collaboration with Jim Hartle, Hawking developed a model in which the Universe had no boundary in space-time, replacing the initial singularity of the classical Big Bang models with a region akin to the North pole: one cannot travel North of the North pole, there is no boundary there. While originally the no-boundary proposal predicted a closed Universe, discussions with Neil Turok led to the realisation that the no-boundary proposal is consistent with a Universe which is not closed also.
Among Hawking’s many other scientific investigations, included are the study of: quantum cosmology, cosmic inflation, helium production in anisotropic Big Bang universes, large N cosmology, the density matrix of the universe, topology and structure of the universe, baby universes, Yang-Mills instantons and the S matrix; anti de Sitter space, quantum entanglement and entropy; the nature of space and time, including the arrow of time; spacetime foam, string theory, supergravity, Euclidean quantum gravity, the gravitational Hamiltonian; Brans-Dicke and Hoyle-Narlikar theories of gravitation; gravitational radiation, and wormholes.
At a George Washington University lecture in honour of NASA's 50th anniversary, Prof. Hawking theorised on the existence of extraterrestrial life: "Primitive life is very common and intelligent life is fairly rare."
摘自:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking
建议LZ和三楼好好读一读
[ 本帖最后由 smile123 于 2008-4-26 00:29 编辑 ] 理论加实践，才是评价一个人的客观标准．霍在实践方面似乎永远是欠缺的． 原帖由 ＣＪ工程师 于 2008-4-26 17:43 发表 http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/images/common/back.gif
理论加实践，才是评价一个人的客观标准．霍在实践方面似乎永远是欠缺的． 你这不是在评价人，是在评价神。
回复 5# 的帖子
不存在什么立场不立场，国家民族关系也扯不上。对，这就是我要表达的意思。
很可惜，人们从来不这样做。
你见到历史书中介绍玛雅的辉煌历法用的笔墨和中国的一样多吗？
印度和阿拉伯医学与中医并称3大古典医学，可是另外两种在中国发展得如何呢？
别说小小的阿基米德了，你知道苗族很多科学家和张衡一样伟大吗？
不独中国如此。
反观西方，他们“客观的历史学家”100年前甚至称史记不可信，称中国只有2000年文明史，比罗马还要短。在2003年4月他们进入伊拉克后，他们的士兵打砸抢了巴比伦博物馆，他们在乎外族文化吗？
我只是提醒人民注意多数派对少数派的忽略。我是善意的。但我们永远避免不了这种忽略。 失败者的文化永远得不到公正评价。朗道差吗？ "霍金被称为继爱之后最伟大的科学家 "
Hawking 是伟大的科学家我不异议, 但这么如此有比较地有时间地有程度地话, 还是不要扔一句就完了(而且似乎楼主并不买这句话的账).
LZ如果敬业一点的话, 就把这句加些支持. 贴一些证据支持这句话, 比如科学界(注意不是新闻界)哪些大师们有此观点, 有名有姓地列一列源头, 让我等有个比较踏实地体会, 而不是跟着一些没风没影地瞎侃
我想我比楼主还敬业一点, 至少还去把 Hawking 的主要科学贡献的资料查了一下(非常初步的), 列在这里.
楼主说"他目前只是提出了二理论，黑洞理论和量子宇宙论，但均无有力证据。" , 楼主到底想用这句(有很多含糊不清的)话说什么呢? 黑洞理论是Hawking 提出来的吗?
[ 本帖最后由 smile123 于 2008-4-26 23:19 编辑 ] 原帖由 gxyzd1 于 2008-4-26 17:57 发表 http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/images/common/back.gif
你这不是在评价人，是在评价神。
没错，以那样的身体条件，一般人就是自立都难，况且霍金做出了那么大的成就！
回复 8# 的帖子
为什么大家都不喜欢用译文呢,这中情况好象不是第一次了,我根本就看不懂啊::070821_17.jpg:: 霍金很多人看好他::makefaces:: 原帖由 天爱 于 2008-5-4 14:37 发表 http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/images/common/back.gif为什么大家都不喜欢用译文呢,这中情况好象不是第一次了,我根本就看不懂啊
好好学学英语，不是很难。改天有空来翻译。
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