DoA faculty reviews the statistical distribution of exoplanets  行星系统是如何形成和演化的？这是天文学中最古老、最基本的问题之一，对它的探索本质上也是在追溯我们自身的起源。长久以来，人类所知的行星系统只有太阳系这个“孤本”，这极大限制了对该问题的研究。自1995年发现绕类太阳恒星的第一颗系外行星（获2019年诺贝尔物理学奖）以来，已知系外行星的数量呈爆发式增长，促进了该领域的飞速发展，并使之成为目前天文学最活跃的前沿方向之一。系外行星研究一个非常出人意料的结果是，已发现的行星系统大多与太阳系行星的性质和轨道分布迥异，并呈现出惊人的多样性。这些发现极大地挑战了传统的行星形成理论，同时也给回答行星系统的起源问题带来了前所未有的机遇。近十年来，美国宇航局（NASA）的开普勒卫星用凌星法（行星掩食恒星）搜寻到了数千颗系外行星，为相关领域的研究带来了一场革命。这些海量发现引领了系外行星前沿研究的一个重大趋势，即利用大样本观测数据系统地研究行星及其宿主恒星分布的统计性质，继而深入理解行星形成和演化的物理机制和环境。 How do planetary systems form and evolve? It is a scientific question that astronomers have long been wondering and also a key step toward understanding the origin of life and human beings on Earth. Since the discovery of the first planet orbiting around a Sun-like star outside of the Solar System in 1995 (which was awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in 2019), the number of known exoplanets has grown to over 4000. This large sample has enabled many detailed studies into the statistical distribution of planets and has sharpened our understanding of the planet formation process. 近日，清华大学天文系助理教授祝伟与合作者发表了关于系外行星统计和理论意义的长篇综述，评述了近年来行星统计研究方面的重要进展。文章重点讨论了轨道半径较短（短于约日地距离）的行星的分布情况，这是开普勒卫星的主要探测区间（见【图1】）。综述文章还讨论并总结了视向速度法和微引力透镜法等其他探测方法对轨道半径较长的行星的研究结果，以及微引力透镜法发现的流浪行星族群的观测和理论意义。文章全面梳理了系外行星领域的统计结果，并探讨了其对行星系统形成和演化的理论意义。最后，文章展望了该领域未来有望取得突破的研究方向。 Recently, Assistant Professor in the Department of Astronomy (DoA) at Tsinghua University, Wei Zhu, published a review article that summarizes the recent progress in the field of exoplanets, one of the most active fields in modern astronomy. This review article critically reviewed the progress in the past five to ten years on exoplanet statistics. The review focuses on the distribution of planets with relatively short orbital separations (less than ~1 Earth-Sun separation), in which the most successful planet hunting mission---the Kepler Space Telescope of NASA---has played a critical role (see Figure 1). The review also discussed the results from radial velocity and gravitational microlensing methods on the distribution of planets at relatively wide separations. It summarized and commented on the implications of the derived statistics on the formation and evolution of planetary systems.  【图1】：已知的系外行星的质量-轨道半径分布。不同颜色的点代表不同方法发现的行星：地基望远镜凌星（紫色），开普勒卫星凌星（蓝色），视向速度法（橙色），地基望远镜微引力透镜法（绿色），直接成像法（褐色）。实线表示各方法探测的灵敏区间，绿色的虚线表示未来空间望远镜微引力透镜法的预计探测区间。小图标标识了太阳系八大行星。 Figure 1. Distribution of known planets in the mass vs. semi-major axis plane. Dots of different colors represent planet detections from different detection techniques: ground-based transit (purple), transits by the Kepler spacecraft (blue), radial velocity (RV) surveys (orange), microlensing (green), and direct imaging (brown). The curves indicate the sensitivity limits of various present and future detection techniques/surveys. The positions of the Solar System planets are also marked. (Figure from Zhu & Dong, ARA&A) 这篇题为“系外行星统计及其理论意义“（Exoplanet Statistics and Theoretical Implications）的综述文章于2021年9月8日在线发表于《天文学和天体物理学年评》（Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics）。祝伟教授为第一作者，北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所东苏勃研究员为该综述论文的共同作者和通讯作者。 论文链接： https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-020055 The review was published by Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ARA&A) with the title Exoplanet Statistics and Theoretical Implications on September 8th, 2021. Prof. Zhu is the first author and Prof. Subo Dong from the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (KIAA) at Peking University is the coauthor and corresponding author. Link to the ARA&A review: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-020055   扫描二维码 关注我们 微信号 : thudoa |
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