| 小宝虽然年纪不大，但是已经能够清楚地辨认挖掘机、叉车、动车组、飞机、坦克、火箭。 于是，我最近一直在琢磨怎么给小朋友讲清楚太空望远镜。 做了一番搜索，在美国国家航空航天局（NASA）官网找到了一个很好的资源：詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜是什么？ 荣幸的是，请到一位不愿透漏真实姓名的杰出女性，我们称她为王晓霞女士，为这篇文章做了翻译。（散花～！） 航空航天科学本就是一门综合了其他科学最新成果的学科。也许，通读完这篇来自于官方的文章之后，我们也并不能完全透彻理解詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜的内在奥秘和深远影响，但至少我们知道，韦布望远镜能够让我们多了解一点点浩瀚的宇宙。 What Is the James Webb Space Telescope? 詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜是什么？  video: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/readtemplate?t=pages/video_player_tmpl&action=mpvideo&auto=0&vid=wxv_2242839577332006913 An animation illustrating what the James Webb Space Telescope Looks like. 詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜的演示动画。 Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (modified) 资料来源: 美国宇航局戈达德航天飞行中心（修改版） The James Webb Space Telescope rotates so that the user can see all parts of the telescope. The top portion is a mirror made up of shiny golden hexagons and the bottom part is a shiny silver sunshade that looks like a giant foil diamond under the telescope. An animation illustrating what the James Webb Space Telescope Looks like. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (modified) 詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜的旋转视角可以让用户们看到望远镜的所有部分。其顶部是一面由金光闪闪的六边形组成的镜子，底部是一个闪亮的银色遮阳罩，看起来像一个巨大的钻石箔在望远镜下。 The James Webb Space Telescope is the largest, most powerful space telescope ever built. It will allow scientists to look at what our universe was like about 200 million years after the Big Bang. The telescope will be able to capture images of some of the first galaxies ever formed. It will also be able to observe objects in our solar system from Mars outward, look inside dust clouds to see where new stars and planets are forming and examine the atmospheres of planets orbiting other stars. 詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜是有史以来体量最大、功能最强的太空望远镜。它将让科学家们看到宇宙大爆炸2亿年后的样子。这台望远镜将能够捕捉到一些最早形成的星系的图像。它还将能够从火星向外观察太阳系中的物体，观察尘埃云内部，观察新的恒星和行星在哪里形成，并检查围绕其他恒星运行的行星的大气层。 Here are some fun facts about the James Webb Space Telescope: 以下是关于詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜的一些有趣的事实： It is very, very big. 它非常非常大。 The Webb telescope is as tall as a 3-story building and as long as a tennis court! It is so big that it has to fold origami-style to fit inside the rocket to launch. The telescope will unfold, sunshield first, once in space. 韦布望远镜有3层楼那么高，有一个网球场那么长!它是如此之大，以至于它不得不折叠成折纸的样式，才能装进火箭发射。进入太空后，望远镜将首先展开，首先是遮阳罩。  The James Webb Space Telescope is about the same size as a tennis court and about as tall as a 3-story building! 詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜的大小和网球场差不多， 高度与一座三层楼的建筑一样高! Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech 资料来源: 美国宇航局/加州理工学院喷气推进实验室(JPL-Caltech) It can see through dust clouds. 它可以透过尘埃云看东西。  Infrared cameras can see through dust and smoke 红外摄像机可以透过灰尘和烟雾进行观察。 Credit: NASA/IPAC/Pasadena Fire Dept. 资料来源: 美国宇航局/IPAC/帕萨迪纳消防部门。 The James Webb Space Telescope sees the universe in light that is invisible to human eyes. This light is called infrared radiation, and we can feel it as heat. Firefighters use infrared cameras to see and rescue people through the smoke in a fire. The James Webb Space Telescope will use its infrared cameras to see through dust in our universe. Stars and planets form inside those dust clouds, so peeking inside could lead to exciting new discoveries! It will also be able to see objects (like the first galaxies) that are so far away that the expansion of the universe has made their light shift from visible to infrared! 詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜看到的是人类肉眼看不到的光 。这种光叫做红外辐射，我们可以感觉到它是热。消防队员使用红外摄像机在火灾的烟雾中观察和救援人员。詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜将使用它的红外摄像机来透过宇宙中的尘埃进行观测 。恒星和行星是在这些尘埃云中形成的，因此窥视尘埃云内部可能会带来令人兴奋的新发现！它还将能够看到遥远的物体（如第一个星系），宇宙的膨胀使它们从可见光变成了红外线! It wears a "hat" to help block heat and light from the Sun. 它戴着一顶“帽子”，帮助阻挡来自太阳的光和热。  video: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/readtemplate?t=pages/video_player_tmpl&action=mpvideo&auto=0&vid=wxv_2242830672958832641 This animation shows how the sunshield will unfold when the Webb telescope reaches its home in orbit. 此动画显示了当韦布望远镜到达其轨道上的工作点时， 遮阳罩将如何展开。 Credit: NASA 资料来源:美国国家航空航天局 The Webb telescope’s cameras are sensitive to heat from the Sun. Just like you might wear a hat or a visor to block the Sun from your eyes, Webb has a sunshield to protect its instruments and mirrors. The telescope’s sunshield is about the size of a tennis court. The temperature difference between the sun-facing and shaded sides of the telescope is more than 600 degrees Fahrenheit! 韦布望远镜的照相机对来自太阳的热量很敏感。就像你可能戴上帽子或遮阳罩来遮挡眼睛的阳光一样，韦布有一个遮阳罩来保护它的仪器和镜子。望远镜的遮阳罩大约有网球场那么大。望远镜面向太阳的一面和阴影面的温差超过600华氏度！ It uses giant, gold-coated mirrors to see the universe. 它使用巨大的镀金镜子来观察宇宙。  Engineers inspecting the Webb telescope’s mirrors at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. 工程师们正在检查韦伯望远镜的反射镜。 Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn 资料来源:美国国家航空航天局/ Chris Gunn Space telescopes “see” by using mirrors to collect and focus light from distant stars. (Check out our telescopes page to learn more about how space telescopes work.) The bigger the mirror, the more details the telescope can see. It’s very difficult to launch a giant, heavy mirror into space. So, engineers gave the Webb telescope 18 smaller mirrors that fit together like a puzzle. The mirrors fold up inside the rocket, then unfold to form one large mirror in orbit. 太空望远镜通过使用镜子收集和聚焦来自遥远恒星的光来进行“观察”。（查看我们的望远镜页面，了解更多有关太空望远镜工作原理的信息。）镜子越大，望远镜能看到的细节就越多。把一个巨大、沉重的镜子发射到太空是非常困难的。因此，工程师们给韦伯望远镜安装了18块更小的镜子，它们像拼图一样拼在一起。这些反射镜在火箭内部折叠，然后展开在轨道上形成一个大的反射镜。 Why are the mirrors gold? A thin layer of gold helps the mirrors reflect infrared light! 为什么镜子是金色的？薄薄的一层黄金有助于反射红外光！ It will be hunting for signs of life on other planets. 它将在其他行星上寻找生命迹象。  video: https://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/readtemplate?t=pages/video_player_tmpl&action=mpvideo&auto=0&vid=wxv_2242803159482220545 Could life survive on this faraway planet? 生命能在这个遥远的星球上生存吗？ Astronomers study the light from stars and planets to see if they might have the ingredients for life. 天文学家研究恒星和行星发出的光，看它们是否有生命的成分。 Animation credit: NASA/ESA/Dani Player (STScI), Music credit: Steve Combs 动画字幕：NASA/ESA/Dani播放器（STScI）， 音乐字幕：史蒂夫·库姆斯 Our solar system isn’t the only home for planets! Scientists have discovered thousands of planets orbiting stars other than our Sun. These are called exoplanets. The James Webb Space Telescope will help to study the atmospheres of exoplanets. Could the atmospheres of some exoplanets hold the building blocks for life? We will find out soon! 我们的太阳系不是行星的唯一家园！科学家们已经发现了数千颗围绕太阳以外的恒星运行的行星。这些被称为系外行星。詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜将有助于研究系外行星的大气层。一些系外行星的大气层是否为生命提供了基础？我们很快就会知道的！ Want to stay up to date and learn more about NASA’s biggest and most powerful telescope? Find more facts, photos, videos and more at the James Webb Space Telescope Website! 想了解更多关于NASA最大、最强大望远镜的最新信息吗？在詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜网站上找到更多事实、照片、视频和更多信息！ 本文相关链接： 1. Is the James Webb Space Telescope? https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/james-webb-space-telescope/en/ 2. James Webb Space Telescope Website! https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ More Related resources from NASA：1. NASA Exoplanets: What is the habitable zone? https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/search-for-life/habitable-zone/ 2. James Webb Space Telescope Poster https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/2294/james-webb-space-telescope-poster/ 3. Lesson Plans, Activities, Resources & Programs For Informal Education https://jwst.nasa.gov/content/forEducators/informal.html 4. Teachable Moment: Learn About the Universe With the James Webb Space Telescope https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2021/9/30/learn-about-the-universe-with-the-james-webb-space-telescope/ |
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