本帖最后由 林夏 于 2009-6-8 12:56 编辑
这是“日食资料翻译组织人手”里申请的2.1节
原帖见：http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/thread-111450-1-1.html
原文见：http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEpubs/20090722/TP214169a.pdf
写在翻译前的话：
很抱歉拖了那么久才上翻译，不仅仅是前几天有事。此篇多数是关于大气科学的，我并不是很懂，我想里面肯定有一些专业词汇没有翻译到位，并且有些话也看不懂。希望大气学专业的同好能来指导指导。谢谢！
和3.4节的翻译一样，红黑相间，这次添加了译注，用蓝色标出。【】内的内容代表不是很理解或者不是很专业的翻译。
另外申请的2.3稍微延后下，不好意思啦。
2. Weather Prospects for the Eclipse
2. 日食的天气预报
2.1 Overview
2.1 综述
Summer—Northern Hemisphere summer—is the wet, monsoon season across the subtropics, from Africa to India to Asia. Wet means high humidity, instability, and numerous thunderstorms that bring high levels of cloudiness. Wet also means that eclipse-seekers will have to accept lower probabilities of success than in recent eclipses—and this is a 6-minuteplus eclipse—the longest of the 21st century.
夏天（北半球的夏天）是很潮湿的，季风从非洲到亚洲的印度，横贯整个亚热带地区。潮湿意味着高湿度，不稳定，以及数量众多的雷暴雨，并带来极大的云量。潮湿同样意味着日食观测者将不得不接受最近几次日食里相对较低的成功率，即使这是个6分多钟的日食——21世纪最长的日全食。
It is not all gloomy news, however. There are places tucked away along the path of the Moon’s shadow that promise a little more sunshine than the rest and there are strategies to improve the odds.
然而，并不是所有消息都是悲观的。很多隐藏在月影轨迹下的地方比其余一些地方天气好，因此我们有办法来提高观测成功率。（这段话直译的话并不是很好理解，所以我按照意思意译了。——译注）
Monsoons—the term means “seasonal wind”—are caused by the heating of the land by the high summer Sun. Heating warms the atmosphere and creates a land-based low that draws air inland from the warm subtropical waters. In India, the flow is from the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. In China, the flow is from Southeast Asia and the South China Sea. Over India, the monsoon flow extends northward to the slopes of the Himalayas, but in China and Japan, it pushes up against the cooler, drier, polar air from the north. This creates a broad frontal zone that moves back and forth over the Chinese mainland in response to forcing from larger weather patterns.
季风（术语，即“季节风”），是盛夏的太阳导致的陆地热气所产生的。热气加热了大气，产生了一个【陆基？】低压，然后从温暖的亚热带水域把空气吸入内陆。在印度，气流来自阿拉伯海和印度洋。在中国，气流来自东南亚和南中国海。季风流（似乎没有这个词组monsoon flow——译注）越过印度后，延伸至喜马拉雅山脉北坡，但是在中国和日本，它抬升自己以抵抗来自北方的更冷的、更干的、截然相反的空气。【这产生了一个宽阔的锋面带，然后锋面在中国大陆带来回地移动，响应着来自更大天气形式的压迫，】
The frontal band is known as the “mei-yu” front in China and the “baiu” or “tsuyu” in Japan—rainy-season fronts, in effect. By mid-July, the tsuyu has begun to weaken over Japan, but the mei-yu retains its identity and structure in China, typically lying over the Yangtze valley in July and August.
这个锋带在中国被称为“梅雨”锋，在日本被称为“baiu”或者“tsuyu”，事实上就是雨季锋。到了七月中旬，日本上方的梅雨开始减弱，但在中国梅雨仍然保留它的特性和结构，典型地在七八月份覆盖在长江流域。
On most days, the mei-yu can be seen in satellite photos angling across inland China, or straddling the coast, bringing broken-to-overcast cloudiness to regions under its influence.
大多数日子里，从卫星云图上能够看到梅雨锋正斜跨过中国内陆，或横跨过沿海地区，并把断断续续的阴雨天带到在其影响下的地区。
When waves of low-pressure move along the front, cloudiness increases and steady rains can be expected, occasionally with flooding. Away from the mei-yu, skies are dotted with convective clouds that frequently grow into afternoon thunderstorms, though still offering better chances of seeing the eclipse than sites along the front.
当低压波沿着锋面移动时，云量的增长和稳定的雨量都是可以被预测的，偶尔还发大水。梅雨之后，天空会被对流云布满，以至经常发生午后雷雨，尽管如此，仍然会提供比沿锋面地点更好的看日食的机会。
With or without the presence of the mei-yu front, the eclipse path is embedded in a humid and unstable airmass from India to the Cook Islands. Most North American and European travelers will find the humidity oppressive and energy sapping on the continents, with dew points in the mid-20s Celsius.
不管有没有梅雨锋的出现，从印度到库克群岛，日食路径都已嵌入潮湿和不稳定的气团中。大部分在大陆的北美和欧洲的旅行者在露点温度为20多摄氏度时，将会感受到潮湿沉闷和体能消耗。（dew-point temperature 露点温度；是指空气在水汽含量和气压都不改变的条件下，冷却到饱和时的温度。形象地说，就是空气中的水蒸气变为露珠时候的温度叫露点温度。——译注）
Rain is often welcome, as it cools the air in spite of the 100% humidity that it brings. Air conditioning is eagerly sought as an oasis of cool in the sultry tropical heat.
雨水通常很受欢迎，因为它使空气变冷——尽管它带来100%的湿度。空调成为一个迫切的需要，它就好像是严酷的热带里凉爽的绿洲。（其实，梅雨季节雨水根本不受欢迎，就是雨水带来的潮湿，在江南地带除了劳作的农夫，没人喜欢梅雨季节。——译注）
In India and China, summer is also the season for tropical storms with typhoons in the Pacific and cyclones in the Bay of Bengal. Only the sections of the eclipse path over the Himalayas, deep in inland China, or along the equator are completely immune from the possibility of an encounter with these rotating storms. The typhoon season in India is typically in a mid-season quiet period during the eclipse.
在中国和印度，夏天同样是热带风暴的季节，拥有着太平洋上的台风和孟加拉湾的飓风。只有日食路径上的喜马拉雅山脉地区、中国的内陆深处、或者沿赤道带，才能完全摆脱与这些气旋风暴相遇的可能性。在日食期间，印度的台风季节正典型地处于季中宁静期。（我不知道印度是否叫台风，但我确定原作者肯定是搞错了，因为typhoon是台风的英文。——译注）
Once the eclipse path moves away from the Asian mainland, it drops sharply southeastward toward the equator.
一旦日食路径离开亚洲大陆，食径会朝东南方向的赤道急剧下降。
Weather patterns are now under the control of Earth’s large circulation systems: the belt of subtropical highs near 30° north latitude; the easterly trade winds that occupy the zone south of the highs; and the region of cloudiness that marks the Intertropical Convergence Zone, about 5° north of the equator.
现在，天气形式在地球巨大的环流系统的控制下：北纬30°附近的副热带高压；占据着南高压带的东贸易风；赤道以北大约5°的标志着间热带辐合带的阴雨天地区。
These zones each have their own characteristic cloud patterns, and so the eclipse path alternately moves through regions of high and low cloudiness, some of which offer good viewing prospects.
这些区域，每一个都有它们自己的特征云型，从而日食路径交替的穿过多云和少云地区，其中的一些区域有很好的观测条件。
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