本帖最后由 sonic5188 于 2011-7-14 19:42 编辑
2011年3月2日的一篇英文旧闻,主要说的是Kepler候选系外行星数据的后期分析,发现怪异的行星系统。
http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/ ... -fastest-planet.htm
Among the new solar systems discovered by the Kepler spacecraft are planets that share orbits, one with resonances that keep the planets from scattering away or falling into the parent star, and one with worlds so tightly packed that the closest orbits its star in a single day.
由开普勒望远镜发现的新的系外行星系统显示,它们可以共享轨道。一则它们保持共振使之不被弹射出去或者坠入母恒星,二则它们的轨道紧密缠绕,公转周期只有一天
The Kepler Space Telescope has discovered several systems that are very different from our own, and have caused scientists to rethink theories of planetary formation.
开普勒望远镜发现了几个系外行星系统和我们的太阳系迥然不同,从而让科学家重新构想行星形成理论。
The Kepler Space Telescope observes stars to see if they show a planetary body transiting in front of them. Thus far it has discovered more than 1,200 planets and candidates. It has found the first evidence of a rocky body, and seen the first multi-planet systems.
开普勒望远镜主要通过凌星法发现行星,目前发现了1200多个候选者,它发现了自己的第一个岩石行星和多行星系统。
A recent look at the data has found one system that could have two planets in the same orbit. A second system has a group of planets in resonance, and the third has planets that all orbit their star in less than a week.
最近的数据显示有一个系统的两个行星有相同的轨道,第二个系统有一组轨道共振的行星,第三个系统的所有行星的公转周期都少于一周。
Jack Lissauer, a co-investigator for the Kepler mission at NASA's Ames Research Center, said the first system, called KOI 730, looks like it has two planets out of the four orbiting the parent star in just under 10 days, sharing the same orbit. ("KOI" stands for "Kepler Object of Interest").
杰克利绍尔,一个在美国航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心的开普勒任务合作调查者,说到:第一个系统,称为KOI 730,有四个行星,其中两颗行星公转周期均小于10天并且共用同一轨道。 (KOI表示开普勒系外行星候选对象编号)
The planets would be in what is called a "Trojan" configuration, orbiting 60 degrees in front of and behind another body. There are examples of it from our own solar system: Jupiter has a group of asteroids that leads and trails the planet in just that way. The point 60 degrees leading and trailing a given planet makes an equilateral triangle with the parent star, and creates a point of stability.
这种现象在我们的太阳系被成为“特洛伊”分布,(补充:行星轨道的拉格朗日L4/L5点),在一个星球轨道前面和后面60度或存在其他星体。我们的太阳系中:木星轨道前后就有这样的特洛伊小行星群。行星、任一特洛伊行星与母恒星的连线会形成等边三角形,并创建一个稳定点。
Since he published his findings, Lissauer says, he is more skeptical of that interpretation. But even if the Trojan hypothesis is wrong, it might be something just as interesting: planets in resonance with each other. Such configurations are rare, but they are stable, persisting for billions of years. In this case, the four bodies around KOI 730 would have orbits in the resonances 8:6:4:3. That means there are two pairs of planets, and each time the first member of the pair makes three orbits another planet completes four.
利绍尔公布了这一发现后说,他对这一解释表示怀疑。但即使木马假说是错误的,行星相互共振也是十分有趣的现象。上述的这种现象是罕见的,但它们是稳定的,坚持了数十亿年。假如这样的话,KOI 730周围的四个行星将有8:6:4:3的轨道共振。这意味着有两组双行星,而且每组的第一个成员公转3圈的同时另一个星球公转4圈。
~~说实话我也没有看懂,这到底是个什么模式!
KOI Dur Depth Period Rad a Teq
(h) (ppm) (days) (Earth) (AU) (K)
凌星时间 凌星程度 轨道周期 行星半径 半长轴 平均表面温度
191.01 4.133 15314 15.358776 11.6 0.122 666
191.02 2.121 680 2.418402 2.8 0.036 1226
191.03 1.486 210 0.708622 1.4 0.016 1839
191.04 5.387 265 19.3245 1.5 0.142 617
500.01 2.505 1457 7.053478 2.7 0.063 642
500.02 2.415 1417 9.5217 2.8 0.076 584
500.03 2.072 434 3.072166 1.5 0.036 849
500.04 2.049 532 4.645353 2.1 0.047 743
500.05 1.408 289 0.986779 1.2 0.017 1235
730.01 5.77 746 14.7845 3.1 0.12 746
730.02 5.494 393 9.84978 2.3 0.092 852
730.03 4.359 343 9.85997 2.5 0.092 852
730.04 5.229 259 7.38469 1.8 0.076 937
首先抗议一下,论坛居然不能插入表格,这个表我弄了好半天。
以上是文中提到的所有系外行星的官方数据,比较权威,但是从数据中显示KOI 730的四个星的共振周期是6:4:4:3。
所以我仍然看不懂上一段的后半部分,尤其是共振比例为8的那个星球不知道作者是指哪个,不知道谁可以解释下。
还有,上述的行星大部分都是超级地球,但是轨道太近了,都是地狱行星的类型。
母恒星R:KOI 191=0.92R日 KOI 500=0.56R日 KOI 730=1.5 R日
The second system, KOI 191, has four planets. Early calculations, Lissauer says, show the system isn't stable. That means there are likely planets in resonances that keep them in their places. "There are probably some eccentricities involved," he said. "Orbits that cross, but maybe don't come close."
第二个系统,KOI 191,有四个行星。利绍尔说,早期的计算表明,该系统并不稳定。这意味着共振可能使行星保持在它们轨道上。“这有可能涉及一些奇怪的现象,”他说。 “轨道交叉,但行星间也许不会太接近。”
In a solar system in which orbits cross each other, resonances can keep the planets in stable tracks around their stars. Neptune and Pluto, for example, are in a resonance which keeps the planets the same distance from each other every time they are closest to each other. Pluto's orbit is also steeply inclined relative to Neptune's. So even though Pluto crosses Neptune's orbit -- it was closer to the sun between 1979 and 1999 -- it will not be captured by or collide with the larger planet for at least many millions of years.
在太阳系,就有轨道相互交叉,共振能保持其稳定的轨道的例子。例如,海王星和冥王星,共振可以保持它们每次彼此最接近时保持相同的距离。同时冥王星的轨道相对于海王星也严重倾斜。因此即使在1979年至1999年冥王星最接近太阳的时候,穿越了海王星的轨道 - 它也不会被海王星这颗较大的行星捕捉或碰撞。
KOI 191 is one of the first Kepler found that had multiple planets in it. One of them is about Uranus- or Neptune-sized. Lissauer posits an upper limit of about 17 times the mass of Earth, though that is subject to revision as more measurements are made.
KOI 191是开普勒望远镜发现的首批多行星系统之一。其中之一是天王星或海王星大小。利绍尔假定它的质量上限是地球质量的约17倍,虽然后期的测量会作出修正。我从官方数据来看这个星至少是木星大小啊
Lissauer says a third system, KOI 500, is one of the most interesting because the planets so closely orbit the parent star. There are five of them, with periods that range from just under a single day to 9.5 days. It resembles Jupiter's system of moons in that regard. Jupiter's three largest inner moons orbit the planet orbit in 1:2:4 resonance, with periods of 1.77, 3.55 and 7.16 days, respectively. KOI 500's planets may have similar characteristics.
利绍尔说第三个系统KOI 500是最有趣的,因为行星拥有十分紧密轨道。系统中有五个行星,轨道周期从不到1天到9.5天。这现象十分类似于木星的卫星系统。木星最大的三个内卫星轨道有1:2:4的共振,周期分别为1.77,3.55和7.16天。KOI 500的行星可能有相似的特点。
If confirmed, the planets around KOI 500 will be in some of the smallest orbits around their star yet found, and the innermost would be bathed in heat from even a relatively cool star. A planet in our own system that orbited the Sun so fast would be only 2 million kilometers from its center -- only a few solar radii from the surface -- and the temperature would be measured in the thousands of degrees Celsius. Standing on the night side of the planet would offer a spectacular view of the other three worlds in the system, as they would all be close enough to show small discs even if they were only the size of Earth.
如果得到证实,KOI 500周围的行星是已发现的行星轨道中最小的,最内层的行星中即使相对凉爽的也很热。在我们自己的系统如果有公转如此之快的行星绕行太阳,它将距太阳中心仅有2百万公里, 这个距离只有不到三个太阳半径,行星温度会有数千摄氏度。站在这个最内的星球的夜面,会看到其他三个行星近到足够看到盘子大小的圆面的壮观景色,即使它们只有地球般的大小。
To contact the reporter responsible for this story call (646) 461 6917 or email j.emspak @ IBTimes.com.
这句不翻译了。通过这次翻译彻底明白翻译还是比较费力的,向长期辛勤劳动无私发帖的各位版友表示致敬! |
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