新库克船长
发表于 2011-10-2 11:28
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来自: 美国–加利福尼亚州–洛杉矶–洛杉矶 Nobis技术集团有限公司Ubiquity洛杉矶数据中心
A scientific detective story if there ever was one, Slava Turyshev of JPL and his colleagues have spent years tracking down their villain, the Pioneer Anomaly: an unexplained acceleration in the motion of Pioneer 10 and 11, twin spacecraft that were launched by NASA in the 1970s and radar-tracked for over 30 years. Turyshev and his team have recovered files from NASA dumpsters, converted 1970s punch card data to digital, and spent untold man hours crunching numbers beamed to Earth decades ago from spacecraft billions of miles away.
这是一个有关科学探测的故事,假如它曾经是的话,喷气推进实验室的Slava Turyshev和他的同伴已经花费了数年时间来追捕他们的坏蛋,”先驱者号异常”:一个无法解释的加速度作用在先驱者10号和11号的运动上,这两艘太空探测器由NASA于上世纪70年代发射,采用无线电跟踪了超过30年。Turyshev和他的团队已经从NASA旧资料储存室里恢复了所需文件,将上世纪70年代的打孔卡数据转换成数字信息,并花费了10年时间和无数的人工对数十亿英里外的探测器传回地球的数据进行运算处理。
Finally, the case is solved, and the villain is dead.
最终,问题被解答,坏蛋完蛋了。
As the two spacecraft retreated into the distance, the data they beamed back showed that they were slowing down a little more than they should have been. Long vaunted as evidence that something was amiss in physics — perhaps that Einstein's theory of gravity was wrong — the anomaly spawned entire academic conferences and thousands of papers.
当两艘太空探测器慢慢消失在遥远的地方时,所传回的数据显示它们的速度比计算得出的速度要慢。一个被炒得很热的说法是物理学本质出了问题。可能爱因斯坦的引力理论是错误的——这一异常引发了各类院校的研讨会以及成千上万的论文。
But, as explained in our coverage of an earlier stage of Turyshev et al.'s work, some scientists believed that the anomaly had a much more mundane explanation. Namely, the scientists suspected that heat was being emitted by the spacecraft's generators anisotropically — more in one direction than the other. If this were the case, the heat would exert an unbalanced recoil force on the spacecraft, causing them to change speed. Indeed, in April, a group of researchers in Portugal came up with just such a model for how the Pioneers' heaters could have created a recoil force.
但是,在我们早期报道Turyshev等工作的时候,也有一些科学家认为那只是一些很平常的因素造成的。也就是说,科学家们怀疑来自探测器发电装置的热散射的不均匀性——一边多于另一边。如果是那样的话,这种不平衡会对探测器产生一个冲量力。导致其速度改变。事实上,在4月,一队来自葡萄牙的研究者也提出了关于先驱者的发热器所产生的冲量力的模型。
But many have argued that the data itself ruled out this explanation for the Pioneer Anomaly. As the plutonium-238 that served as the Pioneers' onboard heat source radioactively decayed, it would have emitted less heat over time. Thus, if heat were the source of the Pioneer Anomaly, the anomaly should have lessened with time as well. But the data seemed to suggest that the Pioneer Anomaly was constant — an undying force — and thus much more fundamental.
但很多争执来源于之前录得的数据本身已经排除了对先驱者号异常的这样的解释。为先驱者号们提供舱内热动力源的钚238会有放射性衰变,其发射量会随着时间的推移而越来越小。结果是,如果是热源是产生这种异常作用的原因的话,也应该是随时间慢慢改善。但数据似乎告诉我们先驱者异常是恒定的,来自一个不变的力,应该是来自更基本的东西。
But for their new analysis [PDF], Turyshev et. al. compiled a lot more data than had ever been analyzed before, spanning a much longer period of the Pioneers' flight times. They studied 23 years of data from Pioneer 10 instead of just 11, and 11 years of data from Pioneer 11 instead of 3. As explained in their new paper, the more complete data sets reveal that the spacecraft's anomalous acceleration did indeed seem to decrease with time. In short, the undying force had been dying after all, just like the decaying plutonium. In that case, it was most likely just a consequence of wonky heaters — mystery solved.
但作为他们的新的分析,Turyshev小组录入了比之前分析多得多的数据,跨越了更长周期的先驱者号们的飞行时间,他们研读了23年的先驱者10号的数据而不仅仅是先驱者11号的,和先驱者11号11年的数据而不是之前的3年。作为他们新的论文的解释,这些更多地数据显露出探测器非正常的加速度实际上确实在随着时间的推移而减小。简而言之,这个所谓不变的力其实一直在衰减,就跟钚衰变一样。这些异常更应该是来自原子加热器。疑惑解决了!
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