本帖最后由 positron 于 2009-7-25 16:24 编辑
科学回顾
如果我们能看到我们的日球层,我们的家园会以什么样子展现在银河系中?
太阳和太阳系在银河系的特定区域运动,这一区域被称为当地星际介质(local interstellar medium)。星际介质由银河系中的众多恒星通过恒星风、新星、超新星等方式释放的物质组成,它有如图所示的可能结构。IBEX图像显示了星际边界的整体性质,这一星际边界是我们的日球层和当地星际介质分界线。图片由L. Huff/P. Frisch提供;其中的局部放大图显示了鹿豹座BZ双星的核心(……提供)。
翻译参考:http://scholar.ilib.cn/A-kjsyyj200403013.html,http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap001128.html,http://www.phys.ncku.edu.tw/~astrolab/mirrors/apod/ap001128.html
关于旅行者探测器
旅行者一号(V1)探测器于2004年12月16日穿过终端激波(TS),当时距我们94天文单位。
在到达终端激波前,旅行者一号探测到其所能探测到的最低能态的高能粒子的强度有所增加。12月16日,旅行者一号记录到支持存在激波crossing的多项观测资料(Stone et al., 2005; Decker et al., 2005, Burlaga et al., 2005)。如下图(左图上部)所显示的,该图由Decker et al提供(2005),当旅行者一号接近终端激波时,低能态的高能粒子强度逐渐增加,这和与终端激波相联系的磁场线一致。(Burlaga et al., 2005)。在接近低355天时,旅行者一号还探测到磁场强度的突然增强(如下面右侧图所示,该图由Burlaga et al提供,2005),其增加程度和compressive turbulence的增加程度相当。磁场强度和高能粒子密度的同时增加向科学界证明旅行者一号实际上已经穿过终端激波。
在旅行者一号关于磁场强度和高能粒子的探测数据的基础上,我们原先关于太阳风的知识受到了极大挑战,由它推断,大部分太阳风粒子的速度在旅行者一号穿过终端激波时肯定也急剧降低。不幸的是旅行者一号携带的等离子探测器在早先时候出了故障,所以已经不可能对太阳风速度的降低程度做直接测量。然而,旅行者二号正在接近终端激波,它可以提供对等离子区速度的精确测量。我们希望,而且非常希望,旅行者二号能很快提供日鞘(heliosheath)运动的第一次直接测量。
都知道,旅行者探测器的测量数据只是针对一个特定的区域和时间。虽然旅行者一号记录到了终端激波和日鞘性质的最初数据,但是单点测量无法给出它们的整体性质。因为IBEX计划能提供恒星际相互作用(interstellar interaction)的整体图像,IBEX探测资料完全免费,相互共享,旅行者探测器提供详细的单方向测量。
原文:
Science Overview
If we could see Our Heliosphere, What would our Home in the Galaxy look like?
The Sun and solar system move through a part of the galaxy referred to as the local interstellar medium. It is built up from material released from the stars of our galaxy through stellar winds, novae, and supernovae. The interstellar medium has considerable structure as illustrated here. IBEX images reveal global properties of the interstellar boundaries that separate our heliosphere from the local interstellar medium. Image courtesy of L. Huff/P. Frisch; The box shows an astrosphere at the binary star BZ Cam (photo courtesy of R. Casalegno, C. Conselice et al., WIYN, NOAO).
Relation to Voyager
The Voyager 1 (V1) satellite crossed the Termination Shock (TS) on December 16th, 2004 at a distance of 94 AU
Before crossing the TS, Voyager 1 observed increases in the intensity of the lowest energy energetic particles it could observe. On December 16th, Voyager 1 recorded a variety of observations that support a shock crossing (Stone et al., 2005; Decker et al., 2005, Burlaga et al., 2005). As shown in the figure below (top left) from Decker et al. (2005), the intensities of the low-energy energetic particles increased as Voyager 1 approached the TS, consistent with beaming along magnetic field lines connected to the TS (Burlaga et al., 2005). Near day 355, V1 also observed an abrupt increase in the magnetic field strength (as shown in the figure below to the right from Burlaga et al., 2005) as well as increased levels of compressive turbulence. The simultaneous jumps in magnetic field strength and energetic particle intensities proved to the scientific community that Voyager 1 had in fact crossed the termination shock.
Based on Voyager 1's magnetic field and energetic particle observations, and our knowledge of solar wind shocks, it is inferred that the bulk velocity of the solar wind must have also dropped suddenly when Voyager 1 crossed the TS. Unfortunately the plasma detector on Voyager 1 failed early in the mission, so it is impossible to get a direct measurement of the decrease in velocity. Voyager 2 is, however, approaching the termination shock and it continues to provide accurate plasma velocity measurements. It is hoped, and highly likely, that Voyager 2 will soon make the first direct measurements of the flows in the heliosheath.
The Voyager in situ measurements are known at one specific location and time. Though Voyager 1 has recorded the first measurement of the TS and heliosheath properties, single-point measurements do not give a global understanding of the system. Because IBEX provides global maps of the interstellar interaction, IBEX observations are highly complimentary to, and synergistic with, the detailed single direction measurements provided by the Voyager satellites.
http://www.ibex.swri.edu/mission/index.shtml
专业词汇译的很痛苦,特别是compressive turbulence未查到中文,望高手指正。 |
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