本帖最后由 deepgreen 于 2009-3-16 22:55 编辑
原文:http://www.astronomynow.com/090310mappingtheearthsgravity.html
Mapping the Earth’s gravity as never before
以前所未有的精度测绘地球重力
The most sophisticated Earth observation satellite will launch next week to map our planet’s gravitational field with unprecedented resolution and accuracy.
最先进的地球观测卫星将于下周发射,它将以前所未有的分辨率和精确度来测绘地球的重力场。
Gravity data is essential for monitoring ocean circulation and sea-level change, as well as processes linked to volcanic and earthquake activity. GOCE - the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer - is the first of a series of Earth Explorer satellites to enable cutting edge research regarding the Earth’s atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and interior.
重力数据对于监测海洋循环和海平面变化,以及与火山和地震活动相关的过程是必不可少的。GOCE——重力场和稳态海洋环流探测者——是一系列地球探测卫星中的第一颗,该系列卫星被用于地球大气层、生物圈、水圈、冰雪圈以及地球内部的尖端研究。
The one-tonne satellite carries a highly sensitive gradiometer that will allow scientists to plot tiny variations in the Earth’s gravity field in three dimensions. This will result in the most detailed high-resolution map of the geoid, the reference (so-called “ground-zero”) level of the planet, as well as highlighting gravitational anomalies. Mapping a planet in this way provides insight into its internal structure, as well as vital reference data for ocean circulation and climate studies. The mission will also have practical applications in construction, planning and surveying.
这颗1吨重的卫星携带了一个高敏感度的(重力)梯度仪,它使科学家们得以绘制地球重力场在三维空间的微小变化,从而可以绘制出大地水准面——行星的标准平面(即所谓的“零高度地面”)——最为详尽的高分辨率地图,并标记出重力场的异常。以这种方式测绘行星可以深入了解其内部结构,并为大洋环流和气候研究提供重要的参考数据。该项目也将在建设、规划和勘测方面有实际的应用。
The science requirements of the mission mean that the spacecraft has to orbit the Earth at close enough quarters to gather high-accuracy gravitational data while being able to filter out disturbances caused by the remaining traces of the atmosphere in low Earth orbit, at an altitude of just 260 kilometres. The result is the five metre long aerodynamic satellite equipped with low power ion thrusters to compensate for atmospheric drag. Unlike other satellites, it has none of the usual moving parts that could interfere with the gravity measurements. GOCE, with its sensor, system of supporting instrumentation and control elements, actually forms a single composite gravity-measuring device.
该项目在科学方面的要求意味着飞船轨道必须足够接近地球以采集高精度的重力数据,同时要能在轨道高度仅260公里的情况下,过滤掉低地轨道附近大气残留所造成的干扰。其结果是,5米长的空气动力卫星配备了低功耗的离子推进器,以补偿大气阻力。和别的卫星不同,它没有可能干扰重力测量的常规活动部件。GOCE及其传感器、仪表支持系统和控制元件,实际上构成了一个单一的综合重力测量装置。
GOCE is scheduled to launch on 16 March from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Northern Russia. Later in the year, two other Earth Explorer missions will launch to study soil moisture and ocean salinity, and ice sheet thickness, respectively. Additional Earth Explorer missions are also being designed to address other aspects of the Earth environment, from the evolution of the magnetic field to the Earth’s radiative balance.
GOCE定于3月16日,在俄罗斯北部的普列谢茨克发射场升空。今年晚些时候,另外两个地球探测项目也将启动,它们分别研究土壤湿度和海水盐度,以及冰盖厚度。更多的地球探测项目正在设计中,涉及从磁场演化到地球辐射平衡等地球环境的其它方面。
A live televised transmission of the launch of GOCE will be streamed online at http://www.esa.int/goce.
GOCE的发射过程将会在网上作现场电视直播,网址是:http://www.esa.int/goce。 |
|