本帖最后由 gohomeman1 于 2009-4-16 12:26 编辑
嘿嘿，我现在发现google中搜索我的帖子都能找到的说（虚荣心不得了……）
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2009/16/full/
A flare-up in a jet of matter blasting from a monster black hole is giving astronomers an incredible light show.
这个由魔鬼黑洞驱动的喷流中的闪闪发光的物质团以不可思议的景象呈现在天文学家面前。
The outburst is coming from a blob of matter, called HST-1, embedded in the jet, a powerful narrow beam of hot gas produced by a supermassive black hole residing in the core of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. HST-1 is so bright that it is outshining even M87's brilliant core, whose monster black hole is one of the most massive yet discovered.
下图中的爆发景象来自嵌入M87核心喷流的物质团，天文学家称呼它为HST-1。巨椭圆星系M87核心的超大质量黑洞产生了这个强大的灼热气体柱。HST-1是如此的亮以致于它比M87明亮的星系核心更亮（参看上一楼和下一楼的图——译注），而M87核心的黑洞是已知最大质量的黑洞之一（另一个在M81核心，剩下的几个50亿以上的还存在许多争议——译注）。
The glowing gas clump has taken astronomers on a rollercoaster ride of suspense. Astronomers watched HST-1 brighten steadily for several years, then fade, and then brighten again. They say it's hard to predict what will happen next.
这炽热的气体团貌似把天文学家搁在了前途不明的过山车上。几年来，天文学家看着HST-1稳定的亮起来、暗下去，接着又亮起来了。他们说很难预测接下来会怎样。
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has been following the surprising activity for seven years, providing the most detailed ultraviolet-light view of the event. Other telescopes have been monitoring HST-1 in otherwave lengths, including radio and X-rays. The Chandra X-ray Observatory was the first to report the brightening in 2000. HST-1 was first discovered and named by Hubble astronomers in 1999. The gas knot is 214 light-years from the galaxy's core.
哈勃天文望远镜跟踪此惊人活动进程已经7年了，期间提供了大量事件的详细紫外光图像。其他望远镜也在不同的波段观测了HST-1，包括X线和射电波段。钱德拉X卫星最先在2000年观测到HST-1开始增亮。1999年，哈勃专家组首次把这个离星系核心214光年的气体团块命名为HST-1。
The flare-up may provide insights into the variability of black hole jets in distant galaxies, which are difficult to study because they are too far away. M87 is located 54 million light-years away in the Virgo Cluster, a region of the nearby universe with the highest density of galaxies.
对于遥远星系中的黑洞喷流而言，它们由于距离原因而很难研究，而爆发现象很可能提供了一个良好的研究黑洞喷流变化的机遇。M87离我们5400万光年，位于邻近宇宙中一个相当密集的星系团室女座星系团中（该星系团的中心星系——译注）。
"I did not expect the jet in M87 or any other jet powered by accretion onto a black hole to increase in brightness in the way that this jet does," says astronomer Juan Madrid of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, who conducted the Hubble study. "It grew 90 times brighter than normal. But the question is, does this happen to every single jet or active nucleus, or are we seeing some odd behavior from M87?"
“我无法预测M87核心喷流或者其他由黑洞补充的喷流的增亮行为”，哈勃研究专家组带头人、加拿大安大略省哈密尔顿市麦克马斯特大学的天文学家胡安.马德里说。“它比正常亮度增加了90倍之多。但问题是，这仅仅是M87过去的行为还是它将会发生在每个活动星系核或者单个喷流中？”
Hubble gives astronomers a unique near-ultraviolet view of the flare that cannot be accomplished with ground-based telescopes. "Hubble's sharp vision allows it to resolve HST-1 and separate it from the black hole," Madrid explains.
哈勃给天文学家提供了爆发现象独一无二的近紫外图，这是地面望远镜无法完成的。马德里解说道：“哈勃的清晰图像使我们能够把HST-1与星系核心的黑洞区分开来”。
Despite the many observations by Hubble and other telescopes,astronomers are not sure what is causing the brightening. One of the simplest explanations is that the jet is hitting a dust lane or gas cloud and then glows due to the collision. Another possibility is that the jet's magnetic field lines are squeezed together, unleashing a large amount of energy. This phenomenon is similar to how solar flares develop on the Sun and is even a mechanism for creating Earth's auroras.
尽管拥有哈勃和其他望远镜的大量观测资料，天文学家还是不明确HST-1大幅增亮的原因。一个最简单的解释是：喷流击中了一片尘埃带或者气体云，然后在碰撞过程中强烈发光。另一种很可能的解释是喷流的磁力线扭曲收缩在一起并释放出极大的能量。这个现象与太阳耀斑爆发类似，也是地球极光的产生原理。
The disk around a rapidly spinning black hole has magnetic fieldlines that entrap ionized gas falling toward the black hole. These particles, along with radiation, flow rapidly away from the black hole along the magnetic field lines. The rotational energy of the spinning accretion disk adds momentum to the outflowing jet.
围绕飞速旋转黑洞的吸积盘，因高速旋转而产生的磁力线，俘获等离子体并使它们落向黑洞。这些等离子体粒子沿着磁力线运动，伴随着（高能）辐射，迅速沿着磁力线远离黑洞。旋转吸积盘的转动能由此转给了（高速）喷射流。
Madrid assembled seven years' worth of Hubble archival images of the jet to capture changes in the HST-1's behavior over time. Hubble's view of the event. Some of the images came from observing programs that studied the galaxy, but not the jet.
马德里先生组合了7年来有关M87喷流的宝贵哈勃档案资料，以了解HST-1的行为特征。哈勃记录了（HST-1的）事件过程，某些图片来自对星系计划性的研究项目，并不针对喷流。
He found data from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS)that showed a noticeable brightening between 1999 and 2001. In images from 2002 to 2005, HST-1 continued to rise steadily in brightness. In2003 the jet knot was more brilliant than M87's luminous core. In May2005 HST-1 became 90 times brighter than it was in 1999. After May 2005 the flare began to fade, but it intensified again in November 2006.This second outburst was fainter than the first one.
他从太空望远镜摄像光谱仪（STIS）的数据中发现，HST-1在1999-2001年间明显变亮。2002-2005的图像显示，HST-1继续稳定的变亮。2003年时这个喷流上的物质团比M87明亮的核心还亮，到了2005.5，HST-1更是比1999年上亮了90倍之多！然后爆发现象逐步消退，但它在2006.11再次增亮。当然这第二次增亮比第一次弱（基数高了嘛——译注）。
"By watching the outburst over several years, I was able to follow the brightness and see the evolution of the flare over time," Madridsays. "We are lucky to have telescopes like Hubble and Chandra, because without them we would see the increase in brightness in the core of M87, but we would not know where it was coming from."
“通过对爆发现象的多年观测，我能够随着亮度的变化而看见HST-1过去的整个演化过程”，马德里说。“幸亏我们拥有像哈勃和钱德拉那样的天文望远镜，否则，我们能够看见M87核心变亮，却不知道它发生在核心何处。”
Madrid hopes that future observations of HST-1 will reveal the cause of the mysterious activity. "We hope the observations will yield some theories that will give us some good explanations as to the mechanism that is causing the flaring," Madrid says. "Astronomers would like to know if this is an intrinsic instability of the jet when it plows its way out of the galaxy, or if it is something else."
马德里希望未来对HST-1的观测能够揭示这类神秘活动的成因。马德里说：“我们希望观测能够形成一些理论，如此在爆发变亮的形成机制方面给予我们一些好的解释。天文学家很想了解，当喷流沿着它的运动方向远离星系（核心）时，这种爆发现象是本身固有的不稳定喷射，还是其他什么原因”。
The study's results are published in the April 2009 issue of the Astronomical Journal.
本研究报告发表在2009年4月号的《天文学杂志》上。
CONTACT Donna Weaver/Ray Villard
联系人 唐娜.韦弗/雷维.拉德
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.
太空望远镜科学研究协会，巴尔的摩市，马里兰州
410-338-4514
villard@stsci.edu
Juan Madrid
胡安.马德里
McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
加拿大安大略省(哈密尔顿市)麦克马斯特大学
905-525-9140, ext. 26057
madridjp@mcmaster.ca
PS:带电粒子在磁场中加速会产生同步加速辐射。——by gohomeman1 |
置顶卡
变色卡
千斤顶
显身卡
）。
惊叹LZ的强大！一句老话！牧夫人才多啊！