ESO每周一图集——2009.9——12

欧洲南方天文台（ESO）有多个强大的望远镜组，尤其是VLT阵列的干涉仪VLTI，能力之强大，显然是当前地面望远镜之最。不过，VLTI的视场极度狭小，一般不会超过0.1角秒，所以我们不要奢望大部分的美图由VLTI来提供。事实上，我们以下看到的那些图，全部不是来自VLTI。关于VLTI，可以参考这个链接。
http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/thread-117259-1-2.html

以下图片都来自这个链接
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/phot-week.html

本图集是2009年图集的第3部分，从9月到12月。

2#：2009.9.14：一个宇宙拥抱，NGC 2207/IC 2163

7#：2009.9.21：2002年，雪中的帕拉纳尔山

9#：2009.9.28：一头扎入礁湖星云深处  M8放大视频

11#：2009.10.5：宇宙火焰（NGC 2024星云）

13#：2009.10.12：帕拉纳尔天文台清晨全景

15#：2009.10.19：NGC 1448中的超新星双重奏

17#：2009.9.7：欧洲ALMA射电天文台的一个天线成形了

19#：2009.10.29：立体的两位天文学家的生活掠影

21#：2009.11.2：生成一颗“假象星”

23#：2009.11.9：南天夜空360度全景图

26#：2009.11.16：帕拉纳尔山，释放一个气象气球用于E-ELT项目

30#：2009.11.23：帕拉纳尔山顶，月球穿行在金星、木星间

33#：2009.11.30：伽利略移动望远镜完成令人兴奋的旅行

35#：2009.12.7：运输VLT的辅助望远镜

41#：2009.12.14：欧洲特大望远镜（E-ELT）的3D展示图

44#：2009.12.21：拉斯拉天文台的望远镜圆顶群

46#：2009.12.28：欧洲特大望远镜（E-ELT）的最新3D效果图

14 September 2009: A Cosmic Embrace
2009.9.14：一个宇宙拥抱

                               
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In this image, two spiral galaxies, similar in looks to the Milky Way, are participating in a cosmic ballet, which, in a few billion years, will end up in a complete galactic merger — the two galaxies will become a single, bigger one.
图中， 两个类似我们银河系的涡旋星系，正在跳一场宇宙芭蕾。十几亿年后，它们将终结于完整的星系合并——两个星系将合并为更大的一个星系。
Located about 150 million light-years away in the constellation of Canis Major (the Great Dog), NGC 2207 — the larger of the two — and its companion, IC 2163, form a magnificent pair. English astronomer John Herschel discovered them in 1835.
位于大犬星座、离我们1.5亿光年的这2个星系——较大的NGC 2207和其伴星系IC 2163构成了壮丽的一对。它们由英国天文学家约翰.赫歇耳于1835年发现。
The fatal gravitational attraction of NGC 2207 is already wreaking havoc throughout its smaller partner, distorting IC 2163’s shape and flinging out stars and gas into long streamers that extend over 100,000 light-years. The space between the individual stars in a galaxy is sovast, however, that when these galaxies collide, virtually none of the stars in them will actually physically smash into each other.
NGC 2207对其小伙伴 IC2163S施加的强大万有引力，扭曲了其外形，并拉出长达10万光年的由恒星、气体组成的潮汐尾。不过，恒星的间距实在大，既使两个星系相撞，几乎不会有恒星真正的互相撞在一起。
This image was captured with the ESO Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (EFOSC2) through three wide band filters (B, V, R). EFOSC2 has a 4.1 x 4.1 arcminute field of view and is attached to the 3.6-metre telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in Chile.
本图由位于智利的ESO的拉斯拉天文台的3.6米望远镜拍摄，拍摄仪器为ESO的暗天体照相机和摄谱仪（EFOSC2），使用了红、绿、蓝3个滤光器。EFOSC2的视场大小为4.1 x 4.1角秒。
This image is available in  high-resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。

ESO大图下载，
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/136990-4/NGC2207_19Apr09_clean_cc1.tif，1995x2005，8.8MB，
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/ngc2207.jpg，同上，1.6MB。
Credit: ESO
版权：欧洲南方天文台，缩写ESO。

NGC 2207 以前称为“宇宙之眼”，Hubble和Spitzer都拍过这两个碰撞星系。

这是Spitzer网站提供的大图  http://ipac.jpl.nasa.gov/media_images/ssc2006-11b.jpg

                               
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哈勃官网的大图，这是WFPC2拍摄的，2004年重新合成的图像比1999年的那时既清晰又图像小得多。
http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2004-45-a-full_jpg.jpg

                               
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有讲解的的图片是最好的！毕竟英文看得费劲！

21 September 2009: Paranal under snow
2009.9.21：2002年，雪中的帕拉纳尔山

                               
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Cerro Paranal, in the Chilean Atacama Desert, is considered one of the best astronomical observing sites in the world. It is home to ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT), the flagship facility for European ground-based astronomy.
帕拉纳尔山位于智利的阿塔卡马沙漠地区，公认世界上最好的天文观测区域之一。该处是ESO的甚大望远镜（VLT）群所在地——欧洲地面观测天文台的旗舰设备。
The humidity at Paranal is generally below five percent and the overall precipitation is only 4 mm per year — a rather dry place indeed. It does, on very rare occasions, snow on this 2600-metre-high peak as illustrated by this beautiful image taken in 2002. The snow-covered terrain gleams under a bright blue sky as the snow storm passes.
帕拉纳尔山的湿度通常低于5%，普通年降雨量小于4mm，确实是一个相对干燥的地区。本图摄于2002年，显示的是一个极为罕见的景象——2600米的山峰覆满了白雪。暴风雪过后，白雪覆盖的大地与蓝天交相映辉。
This image is available in high-resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。
Credit:  ESO/G.Hüdepohl (atacamaphoto.com)
版权：ESO和摄影者。

高清图片下载
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/84712-6/ESO-Paranal-08.tif ，25.7MB，3714x2414，Credit: ESO/G.Hüdepohl

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/eso-paranal-08.jpg，同上，3.4MB。

28 September 2009: Diving into the Lagoon Nebula      
2009.9.28：一头扎入礁湖星云深处
http://www.eso.org/public/videos/vid-36a-09/vid-36a-09_MPEG.mpg   19.8MB,330x240

Through three giant images, the GigaGalaxy Zoom project reveals thefull sky as it appears with the unaided eye from one of the darkest deserts on Earth, then zooms in on a rich region of the Milky Way usingan amateur telescope, and finally uses the power of a professional telescope to reveal the details of a famous nebula. In this way, the project links the sky we can all see with the deep, “hidden” cosmosthat astronomers study on a daily basis and allows the viewers to takea breathtaking dive into our Milky Way. The wonderful quality of the images is a testament to the splendour of the night sky at ESO’s sitesin Chile, which are the most productive astronomical observatories in the world.
通过3张巨图，GB级银河系缩放项目展示了从地球上最黑暗的沙漠可见的夜空，放大到业余天文望远镜视场中银河系最辉煌区域，最后用专业天文望远镜展示了一个著名天体的（详尽）细节。通过这种方式，项目把我们都能看见的天空与天文学家日常研究的“看不见的”宇宙深空连接起来了。这些精彩的高质量图像是ESO所在智利地区辉煌夜空的明证，该地区有的是世界著名的天文台。   
This video is available in  high-definition in the video archive.
本视频的高清晰版本见下楼。
Credit:  ESO/S. Guisard/S. Brunier
版权：ESO和两位摄像者。

9.28的每周一图是个视频，相关内容我都已经发过了，详见
http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/thread-120823-1-1.html

720P高清下载链接
http://www.eso.org/public/videos/vid-36a-09/vid-36a-09_HD25.mov，308MB

05 October 2009: A Cosmic Flame
2009.10.5：宇宙火焰（星云）

                               
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Sparkling at the edge of a giant cloud of gas and dust, the Flame Nebula, also referred to as NGC 2024, is in fact the hideout of a cluster of young, blue, massive stars, whose light sets the gas ablaze.Located 1300 light-years away towards the constellation of Orion, the nebula owes its typical colour to the glow of hydrogen atoms, heated by the stars. The latter are obscured by a dark, forked dusty structure in the centre of the image and are only revealed by infrared observations.
本图显示的是一个巨型气体、尘埃云的翻涌边缘——编号NGC 2024的火焰星云，其实它是一个被其内部隐匿的年轻蓝巨星簇照亮的星云。它位于猎户座，离我们约1300光年，星云因其氢云被内部恒星激发的光芒颜色而命名。星云后部被延伸至中央的分叉尘埃结构掩盖，只能通过红外波段去观测。
This image is based on data acquired with the 1.5-metre Danish telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in Chile, combining three exposures in the filters B (40 seconds), V (80 seconds) and R (40seconds).
本图由位于智利的ESO的拉斯拉天文台的1.5米丹麦望远镜拍摄，使用了红、绿、蓝3个滤光器，曝光时间分别为40秒、80秒和40秒。
This image in high resolution is available in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。
Credit:  ESO/IDA/Danish 1.5 m/R. Gendler, J.-E.  Ovaldsen, C. Thöne and C. Féron
版权：欧洲南方天文台(ESO)/国际黑暗夜空协会（IDA）/丹麦1.5米望远镜，四位摄影者。

高清图片下载
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/197453-3/ESO-Flame.tif   7.4MB，2044x2075，Credit:ESO/IDA/Danish 1.5 m/R. Gendler, J.-E. Ovaldsen, C. Thöne and C. Féron

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/eso-flame.jpg，同上，1.2MB

12 October 2009: Early Morning on Paranal
2009.10.12：帕拉纳尔天文台清晨全景

                               
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This amazing panorama shows the observing platform of ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) on Cerro Paranal, in Chile. Taken in the early morning, with the Moon still high in the sky, the air of peace and tranquility is in stark contrast to the frantic activity at the observatory. The four giant 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes of the VLT are all targeting specific celestial objects, helping astronomers in their daily quest to understand the mysteries of the Universe. A laser is fired from Unit Telescope 4, Yepun, to help the adaptive optics system of the telescope, and counteract the blurring effect of the atmosphere,allowing very sharp images to be obtained. Meanwhile, three of the four smaller 1.8-metre Auxiliary Telescopes are working together in interferometric mode to obtain an even more detailed view of a different cosmic object.
这张漂亮的全景图展示的是位于智利帕拉纳尔山顶的帕拉纳尔天文台观测平台，图中主景是ESO的甚大望远镜（VLT）阵列。本图摄于清晨，月亮仍高挂天穹，天空的宁静安详与天文台的繁忙活跃形成鲜明对比。VLT的4台8.2米巨型望远镜都瞄准了各自的天体，天文学家借此实施探索宇宙之谜的日常工作。取名Yepun的4#主望远镜正发出一束激光，帮助自适应光学系统抵消大气扰动的模糊效应，以获得非常清晰的图像。同时，4台1.8米的辅助望远镜一起进行干涉模式观测，以获取另外天体的更多精细细节。   
This image is available in high resolution in the image archive. A QuickTime VR is also available on this link.
本图的高清版本见下楼，QT格式的视频也见下一楼。（原文给出的链接是错误的——gohomeman1注）
Credit: ESO/H.H. Heyer
版权：ESO，摄影者H.H.Heyer

全景合成照的高清版本：
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/200713-6/vlt-laser-potw-hires.tif   8000x2301，34.4MB
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/vlt-laser-potw.jpg同上，7.6MB。

视频下载
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/200720-4/VLT4-qtvr-one-half.mov  500x300，4.7MB

19 October 2009: A Supernova Duet in NGC 1448
2009.10.19：NGC 1448中的超新星双重奏

                               
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Portrayed in this beautiful image is the spiral galaxy NGC 1448,with a prominent disc of young and very bright stars surrounding its small, shining core. Located about 60 million light-years away from the Sun, this galaxy has recently been a prolific factory of supernovae,the dramatic explosions that mark the death of stars: after a first one observed in this galaxy in 1983, two more have been discovered during the past decade.
这张美图展示的是涡旋星系NGC 1448,它离我们约6000万光年，由年轻巨星组成的显著的星盘围绕着它明亮的小核心。它现在貌似成为一个富产超新星（恒星死亡时的大爆发）的星系：自从1983年首次观测该星系以来，最近10年已经观测到2次爆发。  
Visible as a red dot inside the disc, in the upper right part of the image, is the supernova observed in 2003 (SN 2003hn), whereas another one, detected in 2001 (SN 2001el), can be noticed as a tiny blue dot in the central part of the image, just below the galaxy’s core. If captured at the peak of the explosion, a supernova might be as bright as the whole galaxy that hosts it.
图中星盘右上方的红点，是2003年发现的超新星SN2003hn；而位于星系核心下方的小蓝点，是2001年发现的超新星SN2001el。在超新星爆发的最高峰，其亮度堪比整个宿主星系。   
This image was obtained using the FORS instrument mounted on one of the 8.2-metre telescopes of ESO’s Very Large Telescope on top of Cerro Paranal, Chile. It combines exposures taken through three filters (B,V, R) on several occasions, between July 2002 and the end of November 2003. The field of view is 7 arcminutes.
本图由安装在ESO的8.2米甚大望远镜（VLT）巨镜上的FORS仪拍摄，它们位于智利帕拉纳尔山顶。本图由多次观测的红、绿、蓝三色滤光器图像合成，观测时间从2002.7延续到2003.11末。本图视场大小为7角分。
This image is available in high resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清版本见下楼
Credit: ESO
版权：ESO

高清大图下载
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/203961-3/ngc1448-potw.tif  2038x2005，8.0MB，
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/ngc1448-potw.jpg，同上，1.2MB。
可惜，两颗超新星没有特别标出。

07 September 2009: A European ALMA antenna takes shape
2009.9.7：欧洲ALMA射电天文台的一个天线成形了

                               
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In this photograph taken on 18 August 2009, a European ALMA antenna takes shape at the observatory's Operations Support Facility (OSF).ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, is a revolutionary astronomical telescope, comprising an array of 66 giant 12-metre and 7-metre diameter antennas observing at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths. The telescope is being built on the breathtaking location of the Chajnantor plateau, at 5000 metres altitude in the Chilean Andes. The OSF, at which the antennas are being assembled and tested, is at an altitude of 2900 metres.
本图摄于2009.8.18，一台欧洲ALMA的天线在天文台操作维护工厂（OSF）中成形。ALMA是阿塔卡马毫米/亚毫米射电阵列的缩写，一个包含66台巨型12米、7米口径的毫米波/亚毫米波天线阵列的革命性天文台。这些射电天线在壮观的智利安第斯山脉中的查南托高原制作， 主峰高达5000米。而装配和测试天线的OSF厂，海拔高度为2900米。
ESO has contracted with the AEM (Alcatel Alenia Space France, Alcatel Alenia Space Italy, European Industrial Engineering S.r.L., MT Aerospace)Consortium for the supply of 25 of the 12-metre diameter ALMA antennas,with options to increase the number to 32. ALMA is a partnership of Europe, North America and East Asia in cooperation with the Republic of Chile.
ESO已经与AEM联合财团签订合约，向其提供25台12米ALMA天线，并有权增加到32台。ALMA是欧洲、北美、东亚与智利共和国合作的国际天文台。AEM：由法国阿尔卡特.阿莱尼亚空间公司、意大利阿尔卡特.阿莱尼亚空间公司、欧洲航空航天工业工程公司等组成的联合企业。
This image is available in  high-resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。
Credit: ESO
版权：欧洲南方天文台，缩写ESO。

本图的高清版本
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/130593-3/EUALMAantenna.tif   3760x2472，9.5MB

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/eualmaantenna.jpg，同上，1.5MB

26 October 2009: 3D Glimpse into the Life of Two Astronomers
2009.10.29：立体的两位天文学家的生活掠影

                               
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Sitting in the stunning environment surrounding ESO’s Very LargeTelescope (VLT) on Cerro Paranal, Chile, are Joe Liske from ESO and Eva Noyola from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics. The photo is a still image from the recently released 3D film, The EYE 3D— Life and Research on Cerro Paranal, directed by Nikolai Vialkowitsch.
以位于智利帕拉纳尔山顶的ESO的甚大望远镜（VLT）阵列为背景，来自ESO的乔.里斯克和来自德国马克斯.普朗克外星物理研究所的Eva.Noyala坐在山上。本图是不久将公布的3D立体电影——“帕拉纳尔山顶上的生活和研究”中的静止画面， 由尼古拉.Vialkowitsch导演。
The movie, starring the two young scientists, as well as other people involved in the exciting activities at the VLT, offers a brand new, three-dimensional take on the life and research of astronomers. It has been produced by parallax raumprojektion and fact&film, in close collaboration with ESO and other partners and will be coming soon in cinemas across Germany.
这部电影由两位年轻科学家领衔主演，并由其他群众一起参与VLT令人激动的活动，展示了全新的、三维的天文学家的生活和研究工作。它是采用30°视差角度拍摄的纪实片，得到了ESO和其他单位紧密配合，并将很快在德国各地上映。
Don’t  forget to wear red-cyan glasses to enjoy the spectacular 3D effect!
别忘了带上红蓝眼镜欣赏壮观的立体效果哦！
Links
相关链接

• The  movie’s ESO web page          视频的相关网站链接
• The  movie’s web page: http://www.theeye3d.eu       立体电影的相关网站
• The EYE 3D press kit (German, PDF, 13.8 MB)         立体电影的新闻PDF，德文的，我想大家都不必下载了

This image is available in high resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清版本见下楼。

上图的高清版本   
Credit:parallax raum projektion/ESO
版权：30°视差拍摄法/ESO  
http://www.eso.org/gallery/d/207924-7/theeye-potw.tif    1858x1018，3.3MB

                               
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