ESO每周一图集：2010.1——4

新的一年又来了，这是ESO每周一图的新年帖。http://www.eso.org/public/images/potw/
本图集是2010年图集的第1部分，从1月到4月。

2#：2010.1.4：VLT的心脏——近红外阵列相机和光谱仪（ISAAC）

5#：2010.1.11：拉斯拉天文台附近的黄道光

9#：2010.1.18：未来的欧洲特大望远镜（E-ELT）

12#：2010.1.25：拉斯拉天文台3.6米天文望远镜的垂直全景图

15#：2010.2.1：帕拉纳尔天文台鸟瞰(2004年照片)

17#：2010.2.8：帕拉纳尔天文台鸟瞰(2010年照片)

20#：2010.2.15：NGC 4945中隐蔽的能量引擎

22#：2010.2.22：天炉座星系团中的矮星系

25#：2010.3.1：达斯.维达星系——NGC936

27#：2010.3.8：雪中的ESO总部

30#：2010.3.15：阳光充足的帕拉纳尔山上的太阳移动影像

32#：2010.3.22：垂死恒星吹出的宇宙巨龙——NGC 5189

37#：2010.3.29：装配欧洲制造的ALMA射电阵列天线

39#：2010.4.5：月光下的拉斯拉天文台全景

41#：2010.4.12：泰坦巨星之家—— Pismis 24 疏散星团

43#：2010.4.19：明亮的礁湖星云 M8

46#：2010.4.26：星暴星系：玉夫星系NGC 253

04 January 2010: The Heart of a Powerful Telescope
2010.1.4：VLT的心脏——近红外阵列相机和光谱仪（ISAAC）

                               
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This image shows the interior of one of the four 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes at ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Paranal, Chile. Designated Unit Telescope 1, or UT1, and named Antu, this complex science machine has been in operation at Paranal since 1999. Just before sunset, technicians retract UT1’s windshield and work to finalise the preparations at the telescope for the night-time observation run. During the day, the enclosure is kept shut to protect the delicate and valuable scientific equipment inside, as well as to ensure minimal temperature differences between the telescope and the atmosphere at opening.
本图是位于智利帕拉纳尔山顶的8.2米口径甚大望远镜（VLT）的内部。图中展示的是4台巨镜的1#主镜（UT1），名为Antu，当地土语：“太阳”之意，这个复杂的科学设施自1999年起工作。在本图中，夕阳下，望远镜的挡风玻璃次第打开，工作人员正在完成为夜间观测而进行的最后准备工作。而在白天，望远镜的遮罩则是紧闭的，以保护里面娇嫩贵重的科学仪器，确保望远镜和大气间的温差尽量小。
To the left of the telescope’s main mirror housing, in the centre of the image, is the Infrared Spectrometer And Array Camera (ISAAC), which was, until recently, attached to this instrument. It has now been moved to another of the Unit Telescopes, UT3 or Melipal.
图中央主镜左边的就是望远镜的心脏设备——近红外阵列相机和光谱仪（ISAAC），不久前它刚刚移位到3#主镜——名为“南十字”（土语）的UT3。
This  image is available in high resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/original/eso-paranal-16.tif，5027 x 3733，28.1MB

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/eso-paranal-16.jpg，同上，5.2MB

Credit: ESO/G.Hüdepohl

看gohomeman1的帖子，就不用去英文网站了！反正E文也看得一塌糊涂！

11 January 2010: Zodiacal Light over La Silla
2010.1.11：拉斯拉天文台附近的黄道光

                               
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This image beautifully captures the zodiacal light, a triangular glow seen best in night skies free of overpowering moonlight and light pollution. The photograph was taken at ESO’s La Silla Observatory in Chile in September 2009, facing west some minutes after the Sun had set. A sea of clouds has settled in the valley below La Silla, which sits at an altitude of 2400 metres, with lesser peaks and ridges poking through the mist.
本图所示的美丽三角形黄道光，在月黑风高、无城市光污染的区域观测才最佳。本图摄于2009.9，地点在智利的拉斯拉天文台，拍摄时间是太阳完全落山后数分钟的西方天空。天文台所在山顶海拔2400米，茫茫云海在脚下延伸到远处，峰顶和山脊在云海上浮沉。（西方远处是太平洋——gohomeman1注）
The zodiacal light is sunlight reflected by dust particles between the Sun and Earth, and is best seen close to sunrise or sunset. As its name implies, this celestial glow appears in the ring of constellations known as the zodiac. These are found along the ecliptic, which is the eastward apparent “path” that the Sun traces across Earth’s sky.
黄道光是位于日地间尘埃微粒的反射光，最佳观测时间为日出前、日落后。如其名称所言，它总是在黄道各星座出现，位于黄道上下，显示太阳相对于地球的运动在天球的投影。（傍晚的黄道光东指——gohomeman1注）
This image is available in high resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。

从图中可见，远方的城市还是有光污染的，但是并不严重。
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/original/zodiacal_beletsky_potw.tif，3000 x 2219，10.3MB

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/zodiacal_beletsky_potw.jpg，同上，1.9MB

Credit: ESO/Y. Beletsky

好漂亮哦！！！！！！！！！！！！！

不错，可惜不会e文啊

18 January 2010: The Future European Extremely Large Telescope
2010.1.18：未来的欧洲特大望远镜（E-ELT）

                               
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This architectural concept drawing of ESO’s planned European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) shows the world’s largest planned optical telescope gazing heavenwards. Slated to begin operations in 2018, the E-ELT will tackle the biggest scientific challenges of our time. A chief goal will be to track down Earth-like planets around other stars in the “habitable zones” where life could exist — one of the Holy Grails of modern observational astronomy. The E-ELT will also make fundamental contributions to cosmology by measuring the properties of the first stars and galaxies and probing the nature of dark matter and dark energy.
本图是ESO规划的世界最大的可见光望远镜——欧洲特大望远镜（E-ELT）的建筑概念图，展示了其未来工作时的情形。它将于2018年姗姗迟来，解决当前最大的天文挑战课题：首要目标就是获得在其他恒星的“宜居带”中运行的类地行星图像——现代天文学的圣杯之一。它还将测量第一代恒星、星系的属性，探测暗物质、暗能量的性质，为现代宇宙学做出其应有的贡献。
On top of this, astronomers are also planning for the unexpected — new and unforeseeable questions will surely arise from the discoveries made with the E-ELT. With a primary mirror measuring an astounding 42 metres across, the E-ELT will collect 25 times more light than one 8.2-metre telescope at ESO’s Very Large Telescope observatory in Chile, which is currently a world leader in terms of astronomical observational capacity.
E-ELT的主镜直径达到震撼的42米，其集光能力是当前ESO的主力——位于智利的甚大望远镜（VLT）8.2米主镜能力的25倍，而VLT是当前天文观测领域的领头羊。所以在此之上，天文学家还预想到，E-ELT的新发现还会带来意料之外的新问题。
This image is available in high resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/original/eelt_night5krerender_potw.tif，5000 x 2804，12.6MB

本图的最大分辨率jpg已经在上一楼显示。打印级大图：
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/publicationtiff/eelt_night5krerender_potw.tif，9.2MB

Credit: Swinburne Astronomy Productions/ESO
版权：ESO，斯温伯恩天文工作室

弱弱的问一句，不知G兄，你的TOP100可否下完？

25 January 2010: Vertical panorama of the La Silla 3.6-metre Telescope
2010.1.25：拉斯拉天文台3.6米天文望远镜的垂直全景图

                               
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This impressive vertical panorama shows the ESO 3.6-metre telescope in great detail. The telescope is located on the 2400 m high La Silla mountain, home of ESO’s first observing site in the southern edges of the Atacama Desert. Equipped with HARPS, the best exoplanet finder in the world, the ESO 3.6-metre telescope was commissioned in 1977 and completely upgraded in 1999. The primary mirror is located below the dark protective cover, and the large black structure above holds the secondary mirror. The white cube on top of the secondary mirror mount contains the computer that controls the secondary mirror.
这张令人印象深刻的全景图展示了3.6米天文望远镜的详尽细节。望远镜位于智利阿塔拉马沙漠南缘附近2400米高的拉斯拉山顶，该处是ESO的第一个天文台所在。它于1977年启用，1999年升级完毕，现在装备着全球最好的系外行星搜索利器——高精度径向速度法系外行星探测器（HARPS）。图中的主镜位于暗色保护罩下，次反射镜也有巨大的黑色保护结构，最上方白色方盒内是控制次反射镜的计算机系统。
This image is available in high resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。

ESO大图，现在的数码相机分辨率就是高啊。

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/original/36vertpan-potw.tif，3408 x 9718，40.7MB

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/36vertpan-potw.jpg，同上，7.5MB

Credit:  ESO/H. Heyer

12楼的照片太壮观了，看得有些头晕！

01 February 2010: Paranal from on High
2010.2.1：帕拉纳尔天文台鸟瞰(2004年照片)

                               
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This aerial photograph shows the summit of Cerro Paranal in northern Chile, the home of ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT). This flagship facility for ground-based astronomy hosts four 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes along with four mobile 1.8-metre Auxiliary Telescopes. These can work together, in groups of two or three, as one giant telescope, known as the VLT Interferometer, or VLTI.
这张航空照相图是位于智利北部的帕拉纳尔山顶，也就是ESO的甚大望远镜（VLT）所在地。这个旗舰级天文台由4台8.2米口径的主望远镜（UT）和4台1.8米口径的可移动辅助望远镜（AT）组成。AT们能协同工作，以2个或3个一组，构成一个堪比巨型望远镜的VLT光学干涉阵列——VLTI。
This image displays the winding access road that leads up to the observing platform as well as the Observatory Control Room in the front. The picture helps give a sense of the remoteness of the VLT site, which is located in the extremely arid Atacama Desert at an altitude of 2600 metres. The first Unit Telescope began operations at Paranal in 1999. The VLT Survey Telescope, which is scheduled to begin observations in 2010, is missing from this photo, taken in 2004.
图中展示了蜿蜒而上的盘山公路，尽头是观测平台，平台最前方建筑是观测控制室。VLT所在是阿塔拉马沙漠极端干燥的2600米高地，满目皆是荒凉。帕拉纳尔天文台的首台UT于1999年开始工作。本图摄于2004年，预定于2010年开始运作的VLT巡天望远镜在图中还在建设基座。
This image is available in high resolution in the image archive.
本图的高清晰版本见下楼。

ESO也太糊弄人了，这么早的照片也拿出来Show。图中我貌似连4台AT都没看到，事实上2004年好像也没建全AT群。VLT的巡天望远镜与我前期介绍的VISTA望远镜并不相同，大家可以参考这篇文章
http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/thread-125391-1-1.html

本图的高清版本下载：
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/original/eso-paranal-04.tif，5052 x 3368，48.7MB

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/eso-paranal-04.jpg，同上，7.7MB

Credit: ESO/G.Hüdepohl

08 February 2010: Bird’s Eye View of the Very Large Telescope
2010.2.8：帕拉纳尔天文台鸟瞰(2010年照片)

                               
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A bird soaring over the remote, sparsely populated Atacama Desert in northern Chile — possibly the driest desert in the world — might be surprised to come upon the technological oasis of ESO’s Very Large Telescope (VLT) at Paranal. The world’s most advanced ground-based facility for astronomy, the site hosts four 8.2-metre Unit Telescopes, four 1.8-metre Auxiliary Telescopes, the VLT Survey Telescope (VST), and the 4.1-metre Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA), seen in the distance on the next mountain peak over from the main platform.
这张航空照相图是位于智利北部偏僻、人烟稀少的阿塔卡玛沙漠的帕拉纳尔山区，世界上最干燥的区域之一，但却是ESO的甚大望远镜（VLT）的理想选址地。VLT是世界上最先进的地面天文台，由4台8.2米口径的主望远镜（UT）、4台1.8米口径的可移动辅助望远镜（AT）以及VLT巡天望远镜（VST）组成。在远方的次高峰，就是（新近投入运行的）4.1米口径近红外和可见光巡天望远镜（VISTA）。
This aerial view also shows other structures, including the Observatory Control Room building, on the main platform’s front edge.
本图中还有其他建筑，其中平台最前方的是观测控制室。

本鸟瞰图是相当新的版本了，高清版本下载如下：
http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/original/eso-paranal-51.tif，4191 x 2783，33.4MB

http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/large/eso-paranal-51.jpg，同上，4.2MB

Credit: ESO/G.Hüdepohl

感谢g兄的帖子。

15 February 2010: The Hidden Engine of NGC 4945
2010.2.15：NGC 4945中隐蔽的能量引擎

                               
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http://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/original/potw1007a.tif，2970 x 1800，9.9MB

Portrayed in this image is the spiral galaxy NGC 4945, a close neighbour of the Milky Way. Belonging to the Centaurus A group of galaxies, it is located at a distance of almost 13 million light-years. Showing a remarkable resemblance to our own galaxy, NGC 4945 also hides a supermassive black hole behind the thick, ring-shaped structure of dust visible in the picture. But, unlike the black hole at the centre of our Milky Way, the million-solar-mass black hole inside NGC 4945 is an Active Galactic Nucleus that is frantically consuming any surrounding matter, and so releasing tremendous amounts of energy.
图中拍摄的是涡旋星系NGC 4945，它是银河系的邻居，离我们仅1300万光年，属于半人马座A星系群的一员。它的外形与银河系相似，在图中厚厚的环形尘埃结构后，也隐藏着一个超级黑洞。但与银河系核心的（快饿死的）黑洞不同，NGC 4945中数百万太阳质量的超级黑洞正在疯狂地吞噬周围的物质、并释放极为巨大的能量——是个活跃星系核（AGN）。
This image combines observations performed through three different filters (B, V, R) with the 1.5-metre Danish telescope at the ESO La Silla Observatory in Chile.
本图由位于智利的ESO拉斯拉天文台1.5米丹麦望远镜拍摄，合成图像采用了三色滤光拍摄：红、黄绿（可见光）、蓝。

Credit: ESO/IDA/Danish 1.5 m/R. Gendler and C. Thöne
版权：ESO，国际黑暗夜空协会（IDA），丹麦1.5米望远镜，两位作者