Cosmic Gravitational Lensing Reveals Ancient Galaxies

Five very old galaxies are now known to astrophysicists, thanks to Albert Einstein. A century ago, Einstein predicted an effect called cosmic gravitational lensing. Picture a massive galaxy out in space. From our vantage point, a second galaxy happens to be behind the first galaxy. That second galaxy should be hidden to us. Except that the nearer galaxy bends the light of the far galaxy coming our way. That light can sometimes become so distorted that it actually appears to ring the nearer galaxy. It’s called an Einstein ring, because he predicted that, too.

In the new study, researchers used the Herschel Space Observatory. The brightest spots on their sky map all turned out to be gravitationally magnified galaxies. The study is in the journalScience. [Mattia Negrello et al., "The Detection of a Population of Submillimeter-Bright, Strongly Lensed Galaxies"]

The observatory is really detecting infrared info, or heat, rather than visible light from the newly discovered galaxies. That radiation started coming our way when the universe was only two to four billion years old, less than a third of its current age. Researchers expect to find hundreds of new, old galaxies this way, along with new info about the early universe.

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译文： 多亏了爱因斯坦，五个古老的星系已经被天文学家所熟知。一个世纪以前，爱因斯坦预言存在宇宙重力透镜效应，描绘了宇宙中一群星系的存在。从我们有利的角度看，第二个星系常常发生在第一个星系之后。因此第二个星系应该在我们的后面。除了较近的星系会将来自远方星系的光扭曲，有时光线会被扭曲看上去像是将较近的星系包围起来的感觉，这个称为“爱因斯坦光环”，因为他也预言过。
在最新研究中，研究者使用赫歇尔空间天文台，在他们的天体图上的最亮点都被证实是具有引力透镜的关系。这篇研究被发表在科学杂志上（Matlia Negrello等著 ）
该天文台是由发射红外或热辐射而不是通过可见光来发现新星系。我们所能检测到的辐射是来自两到四十亿的星系，有的至少是这个年龄的三分之一。研究者们期望通过这样的方式寻找到数百个新的老星系，同时也希望发现关于年轻星系的新红外光波段。

不错。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。