本帖最后由 人与自然 于 2012-4-14 18:25 编辑
http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/11/scenes_from_antarctica.html（原站的图片更大一些）
Down in Antarctica, November marks the end of spring, the beginning of austral summer, and the beginning of Antarctica's cruise season. The Sun just rose for the first time in 6 months on September 22nd, and is now visible in the sky all the time. Recent studies in Antarctica have brought new insights into the origins of deep sea octopus species (a 30 million-year-old ancestor from Antarctic waters), volcanic contributions to disappearing antarctic ice, and the effects of increasing numbers of icebergs scouring the seafloor. Collected here are 32 photographs of Antarctica from the past several years. (32 photos total)
在南极洲，11月意味着春天结束，夏天到来，这是一年中最好的游览季节。从9月22日太阳第一次升起，现在完全进入了没有夜晚的时期。以下32张图片，是几年来最能显示了南极洲旖旎壮美风光的图片集合。
1
After waiting for over two weeks for his mate to return from the sea and relieve him of nest duty, this Adelie penguin's hunger helps him make the decision to abandon his egg in search of fish and krill in the sea. Photo taken December 12, 2002. Known populations of the Adelie penguin have dropped by 65% over the past 25 years. (Melanie Conner/National Science Foundation)
两周的等待，在其同伴仍未回来接班，这只阿德利企鹅决定放弃孵蛋而到海中寻找鱼虾食物。过去25年来，阿德利企鹅数量减少了65%。
2
A killer whale (viewed from above) swims amid floating ice in the Ross Sea in January of 2005. Researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southwest Fisheries Science Center were studying the whales to determine if there are three separate species of Antarctic killer whales. (Donald LeRoi, NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center/National Science Foundation) #一只鲨鲸（航拍）游历在罗斯海的浮冰里。美国国家海洋和大气局（NOAA）西南渔业科学中心的研究者正对它们进行研究，南极的鲨鲸可能分布有三个不同的物种。
3
Palmer Station seen from the ocean on June 10, 2006. Palmer Station is the smallest of the three U.S. Antarctic Program research stations, located on Anvers Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula. (Glenn E. Grant/National Science Foundation) #
帕尔默站（Palmer）为美国设在南极的考察站，是美国三个考察站中最小的一个。该站以美国南极探险家、“英雄”号船长纳撒尼尔·帕尔默（1799~1877）的姓氏命名，位于昂韦尔岛上，地理坐标为64°46′S、64°05′W，1965年2月25日建站。帕尔默站主要对海洋生物进行研究，站内设有无线电通讯设备，设有网络监测地震，大气和紫外线辐射的设备。其他的研究也以物理海洋学，海洋地质学和海洋生物学为主
4
A molting emperor penguin seen on January 3, 2007. (Carlie Reum/National Science Foundation)
一只正在换毛的皇帝企鹅
5
Sculptured iceberg in North Bay, Rothera Point, Adelaide Island, Antarctica. (© Pete Bucktrout/British Antarctic Survey) #
北湾的被风吹雕琢的冰山
6
The Calkin Glacier, seen on November, 2003. The glacier is located in the Taylor Valley in Victoria Land, named for Parker Calkin, US Antarctic Program geologist who conducted research in the area during the 1960-61 and 1961-62 field seasons. (Brian Johnson/National Science Foundation) #
卡尔金(Calkin)冰川，位于维多利亚地泰勒(Taylor)峡谷，以美国南极地质学家Parker Calkin命名，他领导进行了1960-61和1961-62季该地区的科考研究
7
The aurora australis over the Dark Sector at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station on June 3, 2008. The Dark Sector is so-named due to the absence of light and radio wave interfence. The bright spot above the ground shield in the foreground is Jupiter. The white streaks of light going up are the Milky Way. (Keith Vanderlinde/National Science Foundation)
黑障区（没有光线和无线电波）上空绚丽的南极极光。前景是阿蒙森-斯科特南极站(Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station)。画面上最亮的那颗星是木星，白色的亮光区域是银河系。
8
Penguins on a massive iceberg near the Antarctic Peninsula on November 28, 2003. (Kurtis Burmeister/National Science Foundation) #
南极半岛附近巨大冰山上的企鹅
9
Nacreous clouds near McMurdo, Ross Island, Antarctica on August 28, 2004. These polar stratospheric clouds at 80,000 feet are the highest of all clouds. They only occur in the polar regions when the stratospheric temperature dips below 100 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. They are also the site of chemical reactions that break down ozone in the upper atmosphere and contribute to the creation of the ozone hole above Antarctica. (Zenobia Evans/National Science Foundation) #
南极罗斯岛麦克默多(McMurdo)考察站附近，贝母云(Nacreous clouds)，这种极地同温层云出现在8万英尺左右的高空，在所有云中的位置最高。
10
The Commonwealth Glacier in the Transantarctic Mountains, seen on February 4, 2007. The glacier was named by the British Antarctic Expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott (1910-1913) after the Commonwealth of Australia. This glacier flows in a southeasterly direction, west of Mount Coleman, in Victoria Land. (Mike Embree/National Science Foundation) #
横贯山脉(the Transantarctic Mountains)共同体冰川(The Commonwealth Glacier)。该冰川由Robert Falcon Scott领导的英国南极探险队命名 (1910-1913)。
11
A balancing stone seen on the Dufek Massif in the Pensacola Mountains of Antarctica on January 18, 2007. (Bill Meurer/National Science Foundation) #
在彭萨科拉山脉dufek地块平衡石
12
An aurora over the Elevated Station at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station on July 16, 2008. (Keith Vanderlinde/National Science Foundation) #
阿蒙森—斯科特站上空的南极光
13
The northern edge of the giant iceberg B-15A seen on January 29, 2001. (Josh Landis/National Science Foundation) #
巨大冰山B-15A的北部边缘。B-15A冰山正漂浮于南极麦克默多海峡之中。B-15A冰山是2000年11月从南极罗斯冰架之上分离出来的。总面积相当于卢森堡国土面积的B-15A冰山近日发生解体崩裂后，在冰山原来的位置上出现了3座新的冰山。长期负责观测B-15A冰山的有关科学家介绍说，这座冰山解体后已经改变了南极地区的地形地貌，随后还将对南极的气候变化产生影响。据悉，解体崩裂而形成的3座新冰山的体积仍然十分庞大，其中体形最大的一座长度达到75公里。
14
A view of the Antarctic coast from the Research Vessel NATHANIEL B. PALMER in April of 2007. (Patrick Rowe/National Science Foundation) #
从NATHANIEL B. PALMER科考船上拍摄的南极海岸
15
A person stands silhouetted by the South Pole sunset on April 6, 2008. The sun dipped below the horizon on March 20th and did not appear again until September 22nd. (Calee Allen/National Science Foundation) #
南极点上的人影和日落。太阳在3月20日左右彻底没入地平线，直至9月22日才能重新升起。
16
A person stands underneath a natural arch in a glacier at Norsel Point, Anvers Island, Antarctica on July 30, 2006. (Glenn Grant/National Science Foundation) #
美丽的天然冰拱门，位于昂韦尔(Anvers)岛Norsel点
17
A full moon and 25 second exposure allowed sufficient light into this photo taken at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station during the long Antarctic night in July of 2005. The new station can be seen at far left, power plant in the center and the old mechanic's garage in the lower right. Red lights are used outside during the winter darkness as their spectrum does not pollute the sky, allowing scientists to conduct astrophysical studies without artificial light interference. The green light in the sky is the aurora australis. (Chris Danals/National Science Foundation) #
阿蒙森-斯科特南极站(Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station)，2005年7月的满月夜25秒长时间曝光拍摄。最左边是新建的站，中间是配电厂，右边是旧的机械库。冬季室外使用红光因为它的光谱不会污染天空，以便科学家在没有人造光线的干扰下研究天体。天空中绿色的光线是极光。
18
The former Russian icebreaker and now cruiseliner Kapitan Khlebnikov breaks through the annual sea ice near the Oates Coast of Antarctica on January 29, 2005. (Mike Usher/National Science Foundation) #
前进中是俄罗斯破冰船，正在南极Oates海岸附近进行年度的破冰作业，摄于2005年1月29日。
19
A view from the Research Vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer in April of 2007. (Patrick Rowe/National Science Foundation) #
在Vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer 科考船上，放眼所望的景色
20
US Antarctic Program participant DJ Jennings shows his frozen beard on October 26, 2006. (DJ Jennings/National Science Foundation) #
美国南极科考队员DJ Jennings，胡子都结冰了
21
The first glow of sunrise appears above McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica on July 13, 2007. (Chad Carpenter/National Science Foundation) #
南极罗斯岛麦克默多(McMurdo)考察站的第一缕阳光。
22
The Dome at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station is seen above a field of sastrugi - ridges of snow formed by wind erosion on October 29, 2003. (Bill McAfee/National Science Foundation) #
阿蒙森-斯科特南极站(Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station)的冰盖，常年的风蚀形成了一道道明显的冰脊
23
South Georgia Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, seen on February 23, 2006. (Melissa Rider/National Science Foundation) #
南大西洋上的南乔治亚岛，密密麻麻的企鹅。
24
A cable protrudes from the ice wall at Explorer's Cover, New Harbor, McMurdo Sound in this photo taken on November 12, 2005. The cable was used for the Remotely Operable Micro-Environmental Observatory (ROMEO), an underwater camera. Connected to onshore equipment and linked by radio to the Internet, ROMEO allowed scientists to study benthic fauna year-round. (Steve Clabuesch/National Science Foundation) #
这是用钢索固定在冰墙上的水下照相机拍到的，摄于2005年11月12日。藉由水下照相机连接到地面设备并接入互联网，微环境遥控观测（ROMEO）让科学家能常年对深海动物进行研究
25
Ross Island as viewed from Black Island, about 25 miles away. The glow of lights of McMurdo Station (US) can be seen, and the glow of the sun just below the horizon creates a sunrise which will last for weeks. (Chad Carpenter/National Science Foundation) #
从黑岛(Black Island)远望罗斯岛(Ross Island)，相距约25英里。看见灯光的地方是美国麦克默多(McMurdo)考察站，远处，地平线下透出几丝隐约的阳光。
26
Icebergs near the Antarctic Peninsula in September 2002. (Jeffrey Kietzmann/National Science Foundation) #
南极半岛海域的冰山
27
An ice cave near Palmer Station, Anvers Island, Antarctica seen on July 24, 2000. (Zee Evans/National Science Foundation) #
美国最小的南极科考站Palmer Station附近的冰川洞
28
Adelie penguins launch themselves out of the frigid water onto the ice on December 31, 2005. (Patrick Rowe/National Science Foundation) #
阿德利企鹅从冰冷的海水中跳上来
29
U.S. Antarctic Program participants handle ropes to secure the docking of a ship at Palmer Station, Anvers Island, Antarctica in the darkness of June 8, 2000. Swirling snow is illuminated above by the ship's lights. (Zee Evans/National Science Foundation) #
美国南极帕尔默(Palmer)考察站的队员系缆绳让给养船靠岸
30
Soil biologist Dr. Diana Wall, Colorado State University, looks out across the Taylor Valley near Lake Hoare on January 17, 2006. Her group was conducting research on soil biota. (Emily Stone/National Science Foundation) #
科罗拉多大学教授土壤生态学家Diana Wall博士正在研究泰勒干谷。在南极冰雪覆盖的天地里，有一片傲然超于冰雪之外的天地，显得格外别致、突出，那就是干谷。在南极干谷有多处，但最有名气的是位于南极横断山脉维多利亚地中的范达干谷（Vanda Valley）和泰勒干谷（Tilley Valley）。令人费解的是位于干谷地带都伴随有水温较高（可达25°C）的湖泊存在，这一现象科学家们正致力于探索研究其产生的原因和机制，以便使其为南极科学考察服务。
31
Brooks de Wetter-Smith's photograph of an iceberg titled "Ice Tunnel" (Courtesy of Peabody Essex Museum) #
摄影师Brooks de Wetter-Smith为这张冰山的照片取名为“冰隧道”
32
The polar plateau seen on April 20, 2008. The polar plateau is comprised of a flat white snowy landscape as far as the eye can see in every direction. This photo depicts what most of Antarctica looks like - the bedrock of the continent is more than 2 miles below this snow surface. (Keith Vanderlinde/National Science Foundation) #
星空下的极地高原，摄于2008年4月20日。大多数南极风光就像图上一样，视线所及，皆是厚厚的冰雪——真正的陆地在冰雪表面两英里多之下，荒凉无边，横无际涯
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