人类火星九年探索里程精选，并祝贺G版荣升超级版主

编者按：
突然发现G版已经是超级版主了，真是可喜可贺啊，但是拿什么当贺礼呢？正好看到大西洋月刊精选出来的人类九年来探索火星的照片图集，于是觉得用此贴祝贺G版荣升超级版主，那是相当合适的了！
我相信，G版荣升超级版主之后，必将对牧夫作出更大贡献。
http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/02/9-years-on-mars/100455/
NASA's Mars rover Opportunity just celebrated its ninth anniversary on Mars - a mission that was originally meant to last just 90 days. Although recently eclipsed in the news by its bigger brother Curiosity, Opportunity is still going strong and making valuable scientific discoveries. Launched into space in 2003, Opportunity bounced to a hole-in-one landing in a small crater on Mars' Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004. It has since spent 3,212 Martian days, or sols, on the surface, slowly moving from target to target, exploring craters, meteorites, unusual rock formations, and finding evidence of past water activity. Over the past 108 months, Opportunity has driven a total of 35.48 kilometers (22.05 miles) across Mars -- not bad for a mission designed to last only three months. [30 photos]

                               
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NASA's rover Opportunity visits Victoria Crater, viewed from orbit by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in october of 2006. Opportunity is a small dot on the crater's lip, at top right. Opportunity first reached the crater's rim on September 27, 2006. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona)
著名的火星维多利亚陨石坑(Victoria Crater)，是机遇号探测车穿越的地点。这是美国国家航空航天局（简称NASA）的“火星探测轨道卫星”（Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter，简称MRO）于2006年拍摄的维多利亚陨石坑图像。

机遇号路线

机遇号的的安装和发射升空

                               
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Workers put final touches to the two new Mars exploration rovers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, on February 10, 2003 in Pasadena, California. The identical robotic explorers will search for evidence of liquid water in two separate areas of the red planet. (David McNew/Getty Images) #

                               
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Rover 1 (Opportunity) and lander. A "Martian mechanic" checks beneath the completely deployed Rover 1 lander. Atop the lander is Rover 1 with its wheels and solar arrays in the stowed position. (NASA/Kent Frewing) #

                               
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On July 7, 2003, at Launch Complex 17-B, Cape Canaveral, Florida, a Delta II Heavy launch vehicle lifts off, carrying the rover Opportunity towards Mars, at 11:18 p.m. EDT. (NASA) #

                               
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On the day of Opportunity's landing -- 202 days after launch -- Pete Theisinger, Project Manager, and Jennifer Trosper, Spirit Mission Manager for Surface Operations react as the first images arrive from the NASA Mars Rover Opportunity. (Bill Ingalls/AFP/Getty Images) #

                               
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在机遇号着陆火星202天后，科学家们收到了来自火星的第一批照片。

                               
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California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger cheers with Dr. Steve Squyres, principal investigator for Opportunity, and other Mars rovers team members in the Mission Control Center at NASA's JPL in Pasadena, California, on January 24, 2004., following the safe landing of the Opportunity rover on Mars. (AP Photo/Damian Dovarganes/Pool) #

                               
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加利福尼亚州长施瓦辛格与民众一同庆祝。

                               
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The interior of a crater surrounding the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity at Meridiani Planum on Mars can be seen in this color image from the rover's panoramic camera, on January 24, 2004. Note the disturbances in the soil from the airbags, which were used to cushion the landing. The airbags are now deflated, seen at bottom. (NASA/JPL/Cornell) #

                               
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维多利亚陨石坑内部情况，及机遇号的气囊。

                               
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This photo taken by the Mars rover Opportunity's front hazard-identification camera, shows a wide-angle view looking down into and across Victoria Crater. (AP Photo/NASA, JPL-Caltech) #

                               
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机遇号拍摄的广角图像。

                               
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A Martian sunset, caught by Opportunity's Left Panoramic Camera, on Sol 20. (NASA/JPL/Cornell) #

                               
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火星上的夕阳

                               
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A shadow cast by NASA's Mars Rover Opportunity stretches across the Martian surface in this image taken on July 26, 2004. (AP Photo/ NASA, JPL) #

                               
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机遇号的影子

                               
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An image taken by Opportunity on October 7, 2004, shows a bizarre, lumpy rock informally named Wopmay on the lower slopes of Endurance Crater. Scientists believe the lumps in Wopmay were formed by one of two processes. Either they were caused by the impact that created the football field-sized crater, or they arose when water soaking the rock dried up. (AP Photo/NASA) #

                               
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机遇号勘测耐力陨石坑(Endurance Crater)

                               
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This image from Opportunity shows an extreme close-up of round, blueberry-shaped formations in the Martian soil near a part of the rock outcrop at Meridiani Planum called Stone Mountain, on February 12, 2004. Scientists studied these curious formations for clues about the soil's formation. (Reuters/HO/NASA/JPL/Cornell) #

                               
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火星土壤中的圆球，科学家推测这与水有关系

                               
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Clouds appear in the Martian sky above Endurance Crater in this mosaic of frames taken by the navigation camera on NASA's Rover Opportunity at about 9:30 a.m. on the rover's 290th sol (November 16, 2004). These clouds are part of a band that forms near the equator when Mars is near the part of its orbit that is farthest from the Sun. (AP Photo/NASA/JPL) #

                               
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火星云层

                               
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This image taken by the panoramic camera onboard Opportunity shows the rover's now-empty lander, the Challenger Memorial Station, at Meridiani Planum, Mars, on February 27, 2004. (NASA/JPL/Cornell) #

                               
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机遇号着陆并自行打开气囊

                               
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Opportunity gained this view of its own heat shield during the rover's 325th martian day (December 22, 2004). The main structure from the successfully used shield is to the far left. Additional fragments of the heat shield lie in the upper center of the image. The heat shield's impact mark is visible just above and to the right of the foreground shadow of Opportunity's camera mast. (NASA/JPL) #

                               
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这是机遇号着陆火星地325天拍摄的图像

                               
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The remains of the heat shield that protected the rover from temperatures of up to 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit as it made its way through the martian atmosphere. This two-frame mosaic was taken on the rover's 335th martian day, or sol, (January 2, 2005). The view is of the main heat shield debris seen from approximately 10 meters (about 33 feet) away from it. Many rover-team engineers were taken aback when they realized the heat shield had inverted, or turned itself inside out. (NASA/JPL/Cornell) #

                               
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机遇号调查了它自己在降落过程中所抛弃的防热护盾的撞击地点并发现了完整无缺的陨石，也就是后来定名的"防热护盾岩"(Heat Shield Rock)。

                               
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Martian sand dunes seen by Opportunity on Friday, August 6, 2004. The dunes in the foreground are approximately 3 feet (1 meter) high. (AP Photo/NASA/JPL/Cornell) #

                               
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火星沙地，大约有3英尺高

                               
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A view of a rock called "Block Island," the largest meteorite yet found on Mars, comes from the panoramic camera on Opportunity. Analysis of Block Island's composition using the rover's alpha particle X-ray spectrometer confirmed that it is rich in iron and nickel. The rock is about 60 centimeters (2 feet) across. (AP Photo/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University) #

                               
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机遇号在火星发现形状怪异黑陨石 “布洛克岛(Block Island)”岩石。
这是火星上怎样的一块奇怪岩石？表面光滑， 孤立突出，奇怪形状，大尺寸和不同寻常的质感。NASA的机遇（Opportunity）号火星车在火星表面发现一块形状奇特的黑色石头，直径大约0.6米，科学家推测它可能是一颗陨石。 7月18日，NASA的研究团队注意到这块石头，随后将其命名为Block Island，此时火星车已行驶到前方。为了进一步研究，地面控制人员操纵机遇号原路返回大约250米。科学家将用阿尔法粒子X射线分光计测量岩石成分，确认是否是陨石。

                               
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The first dust devil that Opportunity observed on Mars. The whirlwind appeared in a routine drive-direction image taken by Opportunity's panoramic camera right after a drive during the 2,301st Martian day, or sol, of the rover's mission on Mars, July 15, 2010. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University/Texas A&M) #

                               
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火星沙尘暴

                               
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The panoramic camera aboard Opportunity acquired this panorama of the "Payson" outcrop on the western edge of Erebus Crater during Opportunity's sol 744 (February 26, 2006). From this vicinity at the northern end of the outcrop, layered rocks are observed in the crater wall, which is about 1 meters (3.3 feet) thick. The view also shows rocks disrupted by the crater-forming impact event and subjected to erosion over time. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/USGS/Cornell University) #

                               
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在厄瑞玻斯撞击坑西缘的露头“Payson”。
厄瑞玻斯撞击坑（Erebus）是一个机会号火星探测车前往更大撞击坑维多利亚撞击坑路图中探测的火星撞击坑。该撞击坑以参加过极地探险的英国皇家海军厄瑞玻斯号臼炮舰（1826年完成）命名。机会号在到达火星后第550到750火星日（2005年10月到2006年3月）其间在该撞击坑边缘探测。

在厄瑞玻斯撞击坑西北边缘的露头 "Olympia"。

机会号拍摄厄瑞玻斯撞击坑环的彩色全景影像。撞击坑本体在影像上方的中间。

厄瑞玻斯撞击坑俯瞰

                               
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Opportunity's twin rover, Spirit, on its 1,277th sol. Spirit became stuck in soft soil in late 2009, and its last communication with Earth was sent on March 22, 2010. (AP Photo/NASA) #

                               
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机遇号的孪生兄弟——“勇气”号的轮毂盖陷入柔软的沙质泥土中

                               
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This image taken by Opportunity shows a target dubbed "Campbell" on a rock called "MacKenzie" in "Endurance Crater." Opportunity dug a hole into the target with its rock abrasion tool, then captured this picture with its microscopic imager on sol 184 (July 30, 2004). The image mosaic is about 6 centimeters (2.4 inches) across. (NASA/JPL/Cornell/USGS) #

                               
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机遇号在耐力陨石坑钻探的岩石

                               
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Opportunity edgedclose to the top of the "Duck Bay" alcove along the rim of Victoria Crater during the rover's 952nd Martian day, or sol (overnight September 27 to 28), and gained this vista of the crater. The rover's navigation camera took several exposures combined into this mosaic view of the crater's interior. The far side of the crater is about 800 meters (one-half mile) away. The rim of the crater is composed of alternating promontories, rocky points towering approximately 70 meters (230 feet) above the crater floor, and recessed alcoves, such as Duck Bay. (NASA/JPL-Caltech) #

                               
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美国宇航局操作“机遇号”火星探测器，对火星“维多利亚”陨石坑西部一个被称为“野鸭湾”（Duck Bay）的凹陷地带进行了4个月的科学探测

                               
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An example of spectacular cross-bedding in Victoria crater on the outcrops at Cape St. Mary, which is an approximately 15 m (45 foot) high promontory located along the western rim of Victoria crater and near the beginning of the rover's traverse around the rim. These Pancam super-resolution images have allowed scientists to discern that the rocks at Victoria Crater once represented a large dune field that migrated across this region. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University) #

                               
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维多利亚陨石坑的岩层

                               
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2007-06-28 Tracks left by Opportunity as it traveled along the rim of Victoria Crater can be seen clearly in this image taken by the HiRISE camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. (NASA/JPL/University of Arizona) #

                               
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火星侦察轨道器的超高分辨率成像科学实验照相机（HiRISE）拍摄的维多利亚陨石坑

                               
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Opportunity climbs out of Victoria Crater on August 28, 2008, following the tracks it had made when it descended into the 800-meter-diameter (half-mile-diameter) bowl nearly a year earlier. The rover's navigation camera captured this view back into the crater just after finishing a 6.8-meter (22-foot) drive that brought Opportunity out onto level ground during the mission's 1,634th Martian day, or sol. (AP Photo/NASA) #

                               
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机遇号在维多利亚陨石坑旅程的轨迹

                               
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This view from Opportunity shows the tracks left by a drive executed with more onboard autonomy than has been used on any other drive by a Mars rover. Opportunity made the curving, 15.8-meter (52-foot) drive during its 1,160th Martian day, or sol (April 29, 2007). It was testing a navigational capability called "Field D-star," which enables the rover to plan optimal long-range drives around any obstacles in order to travel the most direct safe route to the drive's designated destination. Victoria Crater is in the background, at the top of the image. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell University) #

                               
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还是机遇号旅程的轨迹

                               
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Opportunity catches its own late-afternoon shadow in a view eastward across Endeavour Crater on Mars. The rover used a panoramic camera between about 4:30 and 5:00 p.m. local Mars time to record images taken through different filters and combined into this mosaic view. The view is presented in false color to make some differences between materials easier to see, such as the dark sandy ripples and dunes on the crater's distant floor. (AP Photo/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/ASU) #

                               
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机遇号继续向着她最终的目标：“奋进”陨石坑(Endeavour crater)进发。
“奋进’撞击坑是火星上的一个古老的巨大的坑穴，直径约22千米。
机遇号看到这个陨石坑周围散落着无数的岩石碎屑，照片前方的陡峭部分是Endeavour Crater的边缘，上半部是该陨石坑内的地形。

                               
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This color view taken November 7, 2011 of a mineral vein called "Homestake" comes from the Pancam on Opportunity, taken on December 7, 2011. The vein is about the width of a thumb and about 18 inches (45 centimeters) long. Opportunity examined it in November 2011 and found it to be rich in calcium and sulfur, possibly the calcium-sulfate mineral gypsum. Homestake is near the edge of the "Cape York" segment of the western rim of Endeavour Crater. The view is presented in approximate true color. (Reuters/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/ASU) #

                               
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机遇号火星车对小型露岩“霍姆斯特克(Homestake)”勘测分析显示含有水流沉积矿物质，在岩石裂隙之间可能有潜在的生命体

                               
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As Opportunity reached the ninth anniversary of its landing on Mars, the rover was working in the Matijevic Hill area, seen in this view from Opportunity's Pancam. Opportunity landed January 24, 2004. The landing site was about 12 miles (19 kilometers), straight-line distance, or about 22 miles (35.5 kilometers) driving-route distance, from this location on the western rim of Endeavour Crater. The field of view encompasses most of the terrain traversed by Opportunity during a "walkabout" in October and November 2012 to scout which features to spend time examining more intensely. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/ASU) #

                               
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机遇号登陆火星第九年的2012年，仍然孜孜不倦地在”Matijevic Hill area“工作

谢谢版主分享！

晕死，居然没给出链接……

这个网站（大西洋月刊）我还从没去看过呢……

gohomeman1 发表于 2013-3-8 00:02

                               
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晕死，居然没给出链接……

这个网站（大西洋月刊）我还从没去看过呢…… ...

http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/02/9-years-on-mars/100455/
大西洋月刊和波士顿大图是世界著名的图片新闻类网站，类似于中国的“画报”，经常刊登一些天文宇宙的精彩图片，以及人与自然方面的图片。

差点卡死