大西洋月刊—国际空间站第34批团队：从选拔到遨游太空

一、选拔
http://www.cmse.gov.cn/news/show.php?itemid=2997


    图：第34长期考察组成员，由左到右依次是
  奥列格•诺维茨基、凯文•福特、叶夫根尼•塔列尔金、罗曼·罗曼年科、
克里斯·哈德菲尔德、托马斯·马什伯恩（来源：NASA网站）

　　据俄新网2012年11月29日报道，俄罗斯加加林航天员培训中心发言人向俄新社透露，跨部门委员会确定了12月19日前往国际空间站的“联盟”TMA-07M飞船的主要机组人员和后备机组人员组成。

　　发言人说：“俄罗斯航天员罗曼·罗曼年科、加拿大航天员克里斯·哈德菲尔德（Chris Hadfield）和美国国家航空航天局（NASA）航天员托马斯·马什伯恩（Thomas Marshburn）为主要机组人员。”
　　后备机组人员包括俄联邦航天局航天员费奥多尔·尤尔奇欣、欧洲航天局航天员卢卡·埃尔米塔诺和NASA航天员卡伦·尼伯格（Karen Nyberg）。

　　“联盟”TMA-07M载人飞船定于12月19日从拜科努尔航天发射场发射升空。
                                                                                            二、出发
                                               http://scitech.people.com.cn/n/2012/1220/c1057-19957873.html
       新华社莫斯科12月19日电 莫斯科时间19日16时12分（北京时间20时12分），俄罗斯“联盟－FG”运载火箭携“联盟TMA－07M”号载人飞船从哈萨克斯坦的拜科努尔发射场升空，把新一批3名宇航员送往国际空间站。

　　据俄罗斯联邦航天署的消息，“联盟”飞船预计于莫斯科时间21日18时12分（北京时间22时12分）与国际空间站自动对接。

　　此次前往国际空间站的是第34／35期考察组，3名宇航员分别是俄罗斯人罗曼·罗曼年科、加拿大人克里斯·哈德菲尔德和美国人托马斯·马什本。他们将在空间站工作147天，进行130多项科学实验，包括地球物理研究、宇航员在长时间太空飞行中的身体变化等。同时，他们将按计划完成两次太空行走，并迎接6艘宇宙飞船。

　　由于此次发射恰逢圣诞节来临之际，继任宇航员打算与已在空间站驻守的另外3名同事共度佳节。哈德菲尔德在此前接受俄新社采访时说：“我不知道我们的同事是否为圣诞节作了准备，但我们已经为他们准备好礼物。我希望在这一天会有圣诞树和特别的食品。当然，在太空的食品选择不像在地面那么丰富，但我相信我们将欢度圣诞节。”

　　此外，喜欢音乐的罗曼年科和哈德菲尔德将把口琴和吉他带到空间站。罗曼年科表示，这将是他打发闲暇时间的方法之一。而哈德菲尔德认为，通过音乐表达感情对自己来说非常重要，除了在太空演奏外，他还将创作歌曲来记录遨游宇宙的心情。为了能在失重环境下演奏，吉他需要进行特别处理——放松琴弦，并在琴体中加入聚氨酯纤维来减少振动。（记者 贺颖骏）

(中国科技网)

来源：http://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/04/the-international-space-station-expedition-34/100484/
以下图片来自大西洋月刊网站，为第34批国际空间站成员所拍摄。
翻译：中国日报http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqbl/kxts/2013-04-12/content_8742086.html

                               
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A photograph taken by a member of Expedition 34, aboard the International Space Station, looking down on the Bahamas from orbit, on January 13, 2013 (NASA)
第34远征队拍摄的照片，从轨道上俯瞰巴哈马群岛附近。去年11月份，国际空间站上的宇航员们迎来了这个地球轨道上庞然大物连续运行的第13个年头。

                               
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The Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft departs from the International Space Station and heads toward a landing in a remote area outside the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, on November 19, 2012 (Kazakhstan time). NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, Expedition 33 commander; Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko, Soyuz commander and flight engineer; and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Aki Hoshide, flight engineer, returned from four months onboard the space station where they served as members of the Expedition 32 and 33 crews. (NASA)
联盟TMA-05M飞船离开国际空间站。此次在空间站轮值的是第34远征队，他们的科学研究内容包括微重力环境下对人体心血管系统的影响，鱼类的重力感应性，以及太阳电磁辐射对地球环境的影响，等等。

                               
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The Soyuz TMA-05M (descent module) begins to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere on November 19 (local time, November 18, 2012 U.S. time) leaving a plasma trail as the Expedition 33 crew streaked toward a pre-dawn landing on the steppe of Kazakhstan. (NASA)
2012年11月19日，联盟TMA-05M的返回舱重返地球。

                               
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4
Recovery vehicles surround the Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft seen shortly after a successful landing with the ISS crew of Japanese astronaut Aki Hoshide, Russian cosmonaut Yury Malenchenko and U.S. astronaut Sunita Williams near the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan, on November 19, 2012. (AP Photo/Sergei Remezov) #

                               
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联盟TMA-05M飞船返回地面后被搜救人员发现

                               
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A specialist sits next to inflated space suits prepared for the ISS prime and back-up crew members during a training at Baikonur Cosmodrome, on December 7, 2012. Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield, Russian cosmonaut Roman Romanenko and U.S. astronaut Thomas Marshburn were scheduled to fly to the International Space Station on December 19. (Reuters/Sergei Remezov) #

                               
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2012年12月7日，哈萨克斯坦拜科努尔航天中心，一名技术人员坐在宇航服旁边

                               
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6
NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, Expedition 34 commander, exercises using the advanced Resistive Exercise Device (aRED) in the Tranquility node of the International Space Station, on December 5, 2012. (NASA)
第34远征队指令长，美国宇航员凯文·福特（Kevin Ford）正在国际空间站上进行锻炼

                               
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7
A nighttime view of Liege, Belgium, photographed by an Expedition 34 crew member on December 8, 2012. The brightly lit core of the Liege urban area appears to lie at the center of a network of roadways extending outwards into the rural, and relatively dark, Belgium countryside. For a sense of scale the distance from left to right is approximately 70 kilometers. The image was taken using the European Space Agency's Nodding mechanism, also known as the NightPod. NightPod is an electro-mechanical mount system designed to compensate digital cameras for the motion of the space station relative to Earth. The primary mission goal was to take high-resolution, long exposure digital imagery of Earth from the station's Cupola, particularly cities at night. (NASA) #

                               
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比利时城市列日的夜景

                               
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Ile Saint-Paul, a remote volcanic island in the southern Indian Ocean, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, photographed from the ISS on November 30, 2012. (NASA) #

                               
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印度洋南部的一座孤独的火山岛，这是法国的海外领土

                               
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A Soyuz rocket is rolled out to the launch pad by train at the Baikonur Cosmodrome on December 17, 2012. Launch of the Soyuz rocket sent Expedition 34/35 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn of NASA, Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko and Expedition 35 Commander Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) on a five-month mission aboard the International Space Station. (Carla Cioffi/NASA via Getty Images) #
2012年12月17日，一枚联盟号运载火箭正被运往拜科努尔航天中心准备执行飞行任务。

                               
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Expedition 34 NASA Flight Engineer Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), top, NASA Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn and Soyuz Commander Roman Romanenko wave farewell from the bottom of the Soyuz rocket at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on December 19, 2012. (NASA/Carla Cioffi) #

                               
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2012年12月19日，宇航员们在火箭脚下参加出发前的欢送仪式

                               
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A Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft carrying the ISS crew of Thomas Marshburn, Roman Romanenko and Chris Hadfield, blasts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on December 19, 2012. (Reuters/Shamil Zhumatov) #

                               
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搭载着宇航员的联盟TMA-07M飞船飞向国际空间站

                               
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As the ISS and Soyuz TMA-07M spacecraft were making their relative approaches on December 21, one of the Expedition 34 crew members on the orbital outpost captured this photo of the Soyuz (upper left) and a gibbous moon (lower right). (NASA)
当联盟号飞船逐渐接近空间站时，正在国际空间站上的第34远征队一名宇航员拍下了这张照片

                               
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Newly arrived Expedition 34 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn uses the Body Mass Measurement Device in the Zvezda service module aboard the ISS, on December 23, 2012. (NASA) #

                               
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第34远征队的飞行工程师正在空间站上开展工作

                               
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Typhoon Bopha moves toward the Philippines, observed from the ISS, on December 2, 2012. (AP Photo/NASA) #

                               
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2012年12月2日，从空间站上观看正向菲律宾移动的台风宝霞

                               
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Stockings, hung with care on Christmas Day, 2012 aboard the ISS. The individual names of the six Expedition 34 crew members are inscribed on their respective stockings. The scene is actually in Node 1, called Unity, which was the first U.S.-built element that was launched, and it connects the U.S. and Russian segments of the orbital outpost. (NASA)
2012年圣诞夜，宇航员们挨个挂上自己的袜子。袜子上写着第34远征队6名宇航员的名字

                               
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Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield strums his guitar in the ISS's Cupola on December 25, 2012. Hadfield, a long-time member of an astronaut band called Max Q, later joined with the other five Expedition 34 crew members in a more spacious location to provide an assortment of Christmas carols for the public. (NASA) #

                               
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加拿大宇航员克里斯·哈菲尔德（Chris Hadfield）在空间站上弹奏吉他

                               
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Cloud formations above the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, photographed from the ISS, on December 4, 2012 (NASA) #

                               
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2012年12月4日，凯尔盖朗岛上空的云层。这座南印度洋岛屿是法国海外领地

                               
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Robonaut 2, in the ISS's Destiny laboratory, during a round of testing for the first humanoid robot in space, on January 2, 2013. Ground teams put Robonaut through its paces as they remotely commanded it to operate valves on a task board. Robonaut is a testbed for exploring new robotic capabilities in space, and its form and dexterity allow it to use the same tools and control panels as its human counterparts do aboard the station. (NASA)
国际空间站命运舱，“机器宇航员2号”正在进行操作，这是一种高技术的类人机器人，目的是代替人工完成一些危险的或枯燥乏味的重复性工作

                               
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One of the Expedition 34 crew members aboard the ISS, flying approximately 240 miles above Earth, exposed this vertical night image of the Bay Area of California, including parts of San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland, on January 28, 2013. (NASA) #

                               
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国际空间站第34远征队的一名宇航员拍摄了这张照片，此时空间站正飞行于美国上空约386公里高度上。

                               
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NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, Expedition 34 commander, watches a water bubble float freely between him and the camera, showing his image refracted, in the Unity node of the ISS, on January 30, 2013. (Reuters/NASA) #

                               
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第34远征队指令长凯文正观察悬空漂浮的水珠

                               
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This January 8, 2013 photo provided by NASA, taken by Astronaut Chris Hadfield from the ISS, shows a view of the wildfire near Burrinjuck Dam in Australia. Look closely and you can see the flames from orbit. (AP Photo/NASA, Chris Hadfield)

2013年1月8日，宇航员从太空拍摄的澳大利亚山林大火

                               
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Amid a tangle of equipment and wires, NASA astronaut Kevin Ford, Expedition 34 commander, installs an Ultra-Sonic Background Noise Test (UBNT) sensor kit behind a rack in the Destiny module of the ISS, on January 16, 2013. (NASA) #

                               
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在一片凌乱的设备背后，远征队指令长凯文正在安装“超声背景噪音检测器”（UBNT）

                               
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The coastline of the northeastern U.S., observed from the ISS on February 14, 2013. The Atlantic Ocean, including Cape Cod Bay and Buzzards Bay along the coastlines of the states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island has a burnished, mirror-like appearance in this image. This is due to sunlight reflected off the water surface back towards the astronaut-photographer. The peak reflection point is towards the right side of the image, lending the waters of Long Island Sound (at image center, to the north of Long Island) and the upper Massachusetts coastline an even brighter appearance. Sunglint also illuminates surface waters of Chesapeake Bay (top center) located over 400 km to the southwest of the tip of Long Island. The high viewing angle from the ISS also allows the Earth's curvature, or limb, to be seen, and blue atmospheric layers gradually fade into the darkness of space across the top part of the image. (NASA) #

                               
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2013年2月14日情人节，美国东北部沿海的海岸线

                               
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Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a camera to photograph the Earth from a window in the Cupola of the ISS, on January 7, 2013. (NASA)
加拿大宇航员克里斯正使用一台相机拍摄窗外的地球美景

                               
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One of the Expedition 34 crew members captured this night panorama featuring a display of Northern Lights, and scattered lights in the more highly populated areas in the state of Colorado and possibly the states north of it, on February 10. 2013. (NASA) #

                               
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北极光

                               
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An unpiloted ISS Progress resupply vehicle approaches the ISS, carrying 1,764 pounds of propellant, 110 pounds of oxygen and air, 926 pounds of water and 3,000 pounds of spare parts, experiment hardware and logistics equipment -- 2.9 tons of supplies in all -- for the Expedition 34 crew members. Progress 50 docked to the station's Pirs docking compartment on February 11, 2013. (NASA) #

                               
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俄罗斯进步号货运飞船正靠近国际空间站进行补给作业。此次它运送来了1764磅燃料，110磅氧气和空气，926磅水和3000磅的更换部件和设备，一共2.9吨

                               
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One of the Expedition 34 crew members took advantage of clear skies over Indianapolis, Indiana on February 25, 2013, and captured this image of the capital city from a point some 240 miles above Earth. (NASA)
一名宇航员拍摄的印第安纳波利斯城照片，时间是2013年2月25日

                               
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Expedition 34 Flight Engineer Tom Marshburn inside the ISS's Cupola, on March 3, 2013. (NASA) #

                               
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2013年3月3日，地34远征队飞行工程师汤姆正在操作设备

                               
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The SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with the Dragon capsule, lifts off from the Cape Canveral Air Force Station on a second resupply mission to the International Space Station in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on March 1, 2013. (Reuters/Scott Audette) #

                               
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SpaceX公司的猎鹰9号火箭搭载龙飞船从佛罗里达卡纳维拉尔角航天中心发射升空，执行首次由私人公司完成的空间站补给任务

                               
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The hands of Expedition 34 Commander Kevin Ford, opening a bag revealing a highly welcomed shipment of fruit which was sent up from Earth a couple of days earlier and which arrived at the International Space Station on March 3, 2013. It was just a very small portion of all the fresh supplies which arrived aboard the unmanned Space X Dragon spacecraft. (NASA)
第34远征队指令长凯文迫不及待地打开包裹，里面是广受宇航员们欢迎的新鲜水果。这是货运飞船从地球运来的，成本惊人

                               
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A gyre frozen into the ice, in Newfoundland, Canada is pictured in this photo by Col. Chris Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency, from the ISS, on March 22, 2013. (Reuters/CSA/Col. Chris Hadfield) #

                               
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加拿大纽芬兰海域的海冰

                               
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A Soyuz TMA-06M spacecraft lies on its side, on March 16 after bringing home Expedition 34 Commander Kevin Ford of NASA, Soyuz Commander Oleg Novitskiy and Flight Engineer Evgeny Tarelkin to a landing northeast of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan. The Soyuz initially landed upright before being tilted on its side for servicing after touching down to wrap up 144 days in space and 142 days for Ford, Novitskiy and Tarelkin at the ISS. The three crewmembers were flown by helicopter to Kustanai, Kazakhstan en route to their homes in Houston and Star City, Russia. (NASA/Sergey Vigovskiy) #

                               
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3月16日，联盟TMA-06M飞船返回地球，结束了144天的太空飞行之旅。

                               
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The release the SpaceX Dragon-2 spacecraft from the International Space Station on March 26, 2013. The spacecraft, filled with experiments and old supplies, is in the grasp of the Space Station Remote Manipulator System's robot arm or CanadArm2 after it was undocked from the orbital outpost. Forming the backdrop for this image is western Namibia. The Dragon was scheduled to make a landing in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California later in the day. (NASA)
2013年3月26日，国际空间站释放SpaceX公司的龙飞船，满载实验数据和需要更换的旧部件返回地球

                               
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The Dragon capsule uses parachutes to descend to the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Mexico's Baja Peninsula after leaving the ISS, on March 26, 2013. The vehicle brought back more than 1 ton of science experiments and old station equipment. It's the only supply ship capable of two-way delivery. NASA is paying SpaceX more than $1 billion for a dozen resupply missions. (AP Photo/SpaceX) #

                               
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3月26日，龙飞船打开降落伞准备在太平洋洋面上降落。它带回了超过1吨的实验结果和废旧老化更换部件

                               
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Journalists take photos through a safety glass of members of the next mission to the ISS, from left: U.S. astronaut Christopher Cassidy, Russian cosmonauts Pavel Vinogradov and Alexander Misurkin, and members of the back crew: U.S. astronaut Michael Hopkins, and Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazanskiy during a news conference in Russian leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, on March 27, 2013. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) #

                               
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下一组远征队——远征第35队做好出发准备。记者们正隔着安全玻璃进行拍摄采访

                               
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Russian specialist assemble Russian Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft for the launch of the next expedition to the ISS in the Russian-leased Baikonur Cosmodrome, on March 22, 2013. (-/AFP/Getty Images)

俄国人组装联盟TMA-08M飞船

                               
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37
A crew member of the next expedition to the ISS, US astronaut Christopher Cassidy checks his space suit prior to the launch of the the Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on March 28, 2013. (Ramil Sitdikov/AFP/Getty Images) #

                               
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第35远征队的一名宇航员正穿着宇航服进行检查

                               
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38
A Soyuz-FG rocket booster with the Soyuz TMA-08M space ship carrying a new crew to the ISS, blasts off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan, on March 29, 2013. (AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky) #

                               
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一枚联盟-FG火箭点火升空，托举着载有最新一批宇航员乘组的联盟TMA-08M飞船飞往国际空间站执行任务

                               
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39
Looking down on Kazakhstan, one of the Expedition 35 crew members aboard the ISS took this photo of the launch of the "other half" of the Expedition 35 crew, on March 28, 2013. (NASA) #

                               
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俯瞰哈萨克斯坦，第35远征队乘组的宇航员从国际空间站上拍摄了这张照片，展示的是该组另外一半成员们乘坐火箭出发的情景

                               
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The view from the Soyuz capsule as it approached the ISS, on March 28, 2013. Chris Cassidy of the United States and Russians Pavel Vinogradov and Alexander Misurkin traveled six hours in the capsule before linking up with the space station's Russian Rassvet research module over the Pacific Ocean, just off Peru. It was the first time a space crew has taken such a direct route to the orbiting lab. Cassidy, Vinogradov and Misurkin are the first crew to reach the station after only four orbits instead of the standard 50-hour flight to reach the station. (AP Photo/NASA) #

                               
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这是2013年3月28日，从正在接近空间站的联盟飞船视角向外观察到的国际空间站

精彩的帖子{:soso_e179:}

开眼界！

{:soso_e183:}

都是精英。真正的。