本帖最后由 meteorobs 于 2011-1-3 00:54 编辑
Quadrantids (QUA)
活动日期: 12月28日 – 1月12日;
极大时间: 1月 4日, 北京时间9点10分 (建议在4日凌晨观测)
ZHR = 120 (可能在60–200之间变化);
平均速度 = 41 km/s;
r = 2.1 (这个数值越低表明其中所含亮流星比例越高,狮子的R值为2.5,双子是的2.6);
辐射点坐标:α = 240°, δ = +70° (β > 40° N).
象限仪座流星雨辐射点示意图
IMO(国际流星组织)的预测:
New Moon just eight hours after the predicted Quadrantid maximum creates ideal circumstances for observing the shower from northern hemisphere sites this year. From many such places, the shower's radiant is circumpolar, in northern Boötes, attaining a useful elevation only after local midnight, and rising higher in the sky towards morning twilight. This means places at European longitudes east to those of central Asia should be best-placed to record what happens.
However, computations by Jérémie Vaubaillon have suggested the peak could happen at a somewhat different time between roughly 21h UT on January 3 to 06h UT on January 4 (see the diagram on HMO p. 129). The occasional long-pathed shower meteor might be seen from southern hemisphere sites around dawn, but sensible Quadrantid watching cannot be carried out from such places.
The maximum timing above is based on the best-observed return of the shower ever analysed, from IMO 1992 data, confirmed by radio results in most years since 1996. The peak itself is normally short-lived, and can be easily missed in just a few hours of poor northern-winter weather, which may be why the ZHR level apparently fluctuates from year to year, but some genuine variability is probably present too. For instance, visual ZHRs in 2009 persisted for almost fourteen hours at close to their best, with the predicted maximum time falling around an hour or two after the mid-point of this extended interval. An added level of complexity comes from the fact mass-sorting of particles across the meteoroid stream may make fainter objects (radio and telescopic meteors) reach maximum up to 14 hours before the brighter (visual and photographic) ones, so observers should be alert throughout the shower. A few, but apparently not all, years since 2000 seem to have produced a, primarily radio, maximum following the main visual one by some 9–12 hours. Visual confirmation of any repeat of such activity would be welcomed.
VID data recently indicated the QUA may be active weakly for longer than previous visual estimates had inferred, perhaps from December 28 to January 12, compared to just January 1–10 visually (HMO). It is not certain visual observers will be able to follow the shower for so long as yet, as the early and late activity may be too low to be separated from the visual sporadic background. Past observations have suggested the QUA radiant is diffuse away from the maximum too, contracting notably during the peak itself, although this may be a result of the very low activity outside the hours near maximum. Still-imaging and video observations would be particularly welcomed by those investigating this topic, using the IFCs and TFCs given above, along with telescopic results.
中文介绍(来自网络摘编综合)
伴随着新一年的开始,象限仪座流星雨又作为每年天象的开篇之作,前来报到了。象限仪流星雨是三大流星雨之一(另外两个分别是英仙座流星雨和双子座流星雨),但它的名气并不是很大,其中一个原因可能是因为这个奇怪的名称。象限仪座已经被废弃使用,但作为流星雨的名字还是被保留了下来,象限仪流星雨的辐射点位于牧夫座、天龙座交界处,后半夜在东北方向逐渐升高,天亮前升到最高。尽管象限仪流星雨的极大天顶流量(ZHR)为120颗/小时(再次提醒:天顶流量不等于各位每小时所能看到的流星数目,后者一般远小于前者),但这个流星雨的极大期持续时间很短,一般只有两个小时左右,因此被广泛观测到的机会很少,而且观测资料显示其极大成分也相当复杂,暗流星与亮流星的峰值错开约14小时(Arlt, 2008)。
MQ同好对象限仪流星雨可谓又爱又恨。之所以爱,是因为该流星雨流量很大,常年ZHR都可达到100以上,并且北方冬季的天气经常有利于观测,大气透明度很高。而很主要也是因为天气,严冬的夜晚实在太过寒冷,象限仪流星雨的辐射点又要在午夜以后才能升到比较理想的高度,如果想进行目视观测,就要禁得起严寒的考验。2005年的象限仪流星雨,MQ同好是在天津静海县的一处农田中观测的,当时地表温度居然降至了-22度!被冻得很惨。大家一定要吸取这个教训。出了带足保暖衣物外,最好还能确认观测地附近的休息房间备有暖气。
2011年的象限仪流星雨,观测条件还是不错的。从1月1日至5日,都是它的活跃期,其中极大值出现在北京时间4日早上9时左右。其中在欧洲和中亚地区的观测条件最好。对于我国北方地区来说,象限仪流星雨的辐射点基本位于拱极区内,但由于地平高度的原因,前半夜的观测意义也不大。虽然预报的极大我国很难看到,但后半夜的观测条件还是很不错的。当日是我国农历腊月初一,月相为朔,完全没有月光影响。对于要做IMO标准目视观测的爱好者来说,在4日凌晨5点到14点都有可能看到较大流量,
所以标准观测非常重要。北京地区最佳观测时间是1月4日天亮前,即6:30以前。由于峰值持续时间可能很短,所以最好有多位同好合作将整个后半夜时间无缝覆盖!
对于普通大众来说,如果大家实在熬不了夜或者凌晨在热被窝中起不来时选择在上半夜辐射点较低时观测,也可能有速度较慢、轨迹很长的掠地流星出现。
分辨象限仪的群内流星并不难,它的颜色多有些发红。而它的另一特点就是极大时间很短,因此虽然流量不小但检测到它却并不容易。因为极大很容易被漏过,每年观测到的ZHR值都相差不小,在60到200之间变化。此外预报的极大时间上也往往有所偏差。例如2008年的极大就比理论分析得出的时间晚了3到4个小时,且通过无线电观测发现,在6个小时之前还有一个极大。
类似象限仪这种严冬时期的流星雨,在观测方法上最好以照相和摄像为主。如果你手中缺乏设备,只能做目视观测报表的话,可以采取几人轮换的方式,每小时换一次,就可以将0点至6点完全覆盖,又能保证休息。如果你只是想去欣赏壮观的流星雨,那MQ同好则认为该流星雨或许不大合适。
由于人类对象限仪流星雨以及其母体所知甚少,因此预测的可信度也很低,比如2008年的观测结果显示实际极大比预测要晚了大约3-4小时。在极大期以外,天顶流量一般小于20颗/小时(IMO, 1996)。综上所述,这个流星群非常具有监测价值,但如果观赏的话还是算了吧。
历史回顾——天津同好对2005年象限仪座流星雨的观测情况:
http://www.astronomy.com.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=33470&highlight=%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%90%8C%E5%A5%BD |
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