本帖最后由 stc3 于 2011-9-16 09:49 编辑
在摄影论坛上看到一个如何拍摄彩色星空的讨论贴，觉得很有价值，就搬运过来了。。
请注意，我不是原作者，只是搬运工。
请感谢蜂鸟论坛的苏菲306
原帖地址： http://bbs.fengniao.com/forum/2313115.html
正文如下：
原片在此：http://500px.com/photo/1308247?page=1
我对此非常感兴趣，于是去爬了12页回帖，把拍摄方法学来了！
拍摄要点摘要如下：
CameraNikon D7000
Focal Length10 mm
Shutter Speed60 sec.
Aperture4.5 ISO/Film800
Category Landscapes
Uploaded July 25th 2011
CopyrightLincoln Harrison
Foreground: 9 shot HDR, f4.5, ISO100. Stars: 720 x 60 seconds (12 hours), f4.5 ISO800. Nikon D7000, Nikkor 10-24.
作者Lincoln Harrison
D7000,原厂10-24
10mm， F4.5，iso800，60s一张，共720张，ps里曝光合成星轨
前景是9张HDR合成的
回帖中说明的拍摄细节，翻译有误的话大家帮忙提醒
I used sunlight white balance to capture the natural colors of the stars, then pushed the saturation in photoshop.
作者用日光白平衡来展现星星的自然色彩，然后在ps里增加饱和度
MD-B11 battery grip with 2 EN-EL15 batteries. Had about 20% charge left on one battery.
用了手柄，两块电池，最终剩下20%的电量
I stayed there for 15 hours, I shot the foreground at sunset and sunrise. Long night.
作者在拍摄点待了15个小时，前景是日落和日出时拍的，HDR合成
（作者真有毅力！后期水平强大！）
"Awesome colors and composition. Where was this taken that you got 12 hours of night?"
It was taken near Bendigo (southern australia) during the winter solstice & new moon, longest night of the year.
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"i have only one question i have Seen in the web that taking photos like this can make the camera to get very hot and this can affect your camera after this.. I'am new in this class of photo what can you tell me about this?
There was more chance of the camera freezing than overheating. I've shot others during the summer and the only difference is increased noise from the higher ambient temperature. The sensor runs a little warm but its nothing to worry about. My camera has done around 50 hours of startrails with no problems.
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"Fantastic! Given that you captured 720 images over 12 hours, have you tried creating a time-lapse video? "
No, but I might give it a go at some stage.
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Awesome photo. Really breathtaking. How did you manage a 12 hour exposure? What kind of filter did you use?
I used a Lee 0.9 grad for sunset & sunrise, I removed the filter system and attached the lens hood for the startrail shots (helps prevent dew formation). The 12 hours was made up of 720 x 60second shots stacked in photoshop.
I used a MD-B11 battery grip with two EN-EL15 batteries to power the camera.
--拍摄地点？
--澳大利亚南部Bendigo，冬至日附近的新月之夜。
--这么长曝会不会发热损伤cmos？
--不会，相机没冻住就不错了。夏天也这么拍过，顶多是噪点稍微多一些。作者本人累计这么拍了够50个小时了，相机没有出现任何问题
--12个小时的曝光如何完成的？用滤镜了吗？
--日出日落用了LEE的3档渐变，拉星轨时取下了滤镜，装上了遮光罩，可以防止镜片结露。（这是个好经验！不知道作者是不是还有别的秘籍没说出来，我拍星空的时候就经常受到露水的困扰！）
——有没有尝试延时视频？
——没，不过将来也许会试一下
"How is it that the stars don't get in the water? The question isn't intended as criticism...just trying to understand the physics."
The water wasn't quite calm enough to capture the reflections. I used a long exposure at sunset to make it look smooth.
——“为什么水中没有星星的倒影？”
——“水面不是很平静，不足以反光。我在日落时用长曝拍摄了水面使其看起来比较平静”
Daryl, yes it was freezing. 1 second interval, raw, nr off.
当时确实天寒地冻
曝光60s，中间间隔1s，raw格式，降噪关闭
"However I wondered how you calculated the exposure for the photograph accurately as it would be quite dark for the most part and light for a bit"
Its a stack of hundreds of images, the foreground was shot during twilight, the stars were shot during complete darkness. I exposed the foreground image as I would a landscape shot, for the stars I just had to make sure there was no clipping from the light pollution, I've shot startrails there before so I knew what settings I needed.
"How do the stars come out so colorful?"
The stars are different colors, our eyes dont see it well but cameras do, you just need to use sunlight white balance.
I've boosted the saturation on the startrails but all the colors were already there.
——“请教一下您在黑夜中是如何计算曝光值的？”
——“前景拍摄于破晓时分，而星空是在完全的黑夜中拍摄的。前景的曝光是按照风光片的方法来的，星空的曝光，只要保证不受光污染就行了。我之前在此拍过星轨，因此知道如何进行设置。”
——“星星怎会如此五颜六色？”
——“星星本来就有很多颜色，只不过肉眼难以分辨，但是相机可以记录下他们，只需要把把白平衡打到日光模式即可。我在后期加了饱和度，但颜色都是真实的。”
“many thx for the tips, wondering what will the colour be with a 20 min exposure instead of stacking up 700 pics, gonna try it myself sometime. thx again ”
“E1ement, the legth of exposure wont affect the color, only the length of the trails, and you will get more noise with less shots. If you have a few hundred frames the noise averages out and is virtually eliminated, i used no NR on any of the startrail images. The blending with the foreground can also hide noise in the star shots, depending on how you blend the sky. ”
——“我想尝试一下20分钟曝光的颜色会怎么样”
——“曝光时间不会影响色彩，只会影响星轨的长度。如果单张长曝的话只会增加噪点。如果是几百张进行叠加，噪点会相互抵消，几乎不可见。我所有的照片都没有降噪。前景的叠加过程也会掩盖噪点，取决于叠加方式。”
重点来了，如何进行后期，今天白天摸索询问了好一阵才弄明白
"I'm wondering how you stack up all these photos? especially blending the sunset with the star trails?
You mentioned that you used photoshop, but which command did you use to stack up such a large number of photos? HDR? "
"In photoshop cs5, file>scripts>load files into stack, check the 'create smart object' box, add your files to the list, click OK. when finished go to layers>smart objects>stackmode>maximum."
“后期是如何进行曝光叠加的？尤其是星轨的照片？在ps中使用了哪种操作？”
“photoshop cs5，文件-脚本-将文件在入堆栈，选择‘载入图层后创建智能对象’，然后选定图片，点击确定。进入ps后，图层-智能对象-堆栈模式-最大值。 |
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