本帖最后由 q零度星系 于 2011-11-29 16:18 编辑
——编辑:零度星系
1.综合
A.来自国际流星雨组织
Phoenicids (PHO)凤凰座流星雨活动时间: 11月28 日– 12月 9日; 极大时期: 12月6日, 北京时间05h40m (λ⊙ = 254.25°)
ZHR = 变量,通常是没有,但可能会达到100颗;看你运气好不了。
辐射点: 赤经= 18°, 赤纬= −53°; Radiant drift: see Table 6;
速度 = 18 km/s; 亮度指标= 2.8;
TFC: α = 040°, δ = −39° and α = 065°, δ = −62°(β < 10° N). |
Puppid-Velids (PUP)船尾座-船帆座流星雨
活动时间: 12月1日–15日;极大时期: 12月 ∼ 7 日(λ⊙ ∼ 255°); ZHR =∼ 10颗;
辐射点: α赤经 = 123°, δ赤纬 = −45°; Radiant drift: see Table 6;
速度 = 40 km/s; r亮度指标= 2.9;
TFC: α = 90° to 150°, δ = −20° to −60°; choose pairs of fields separated by about 30° in α,
moving eastwards as the shower progresses (β < 10° N). |
Ursids (URS)小熊座流星雨
活动时间: 12月17日–26日; 极大时期: 12月23日, 10h (λ⊙ = 270.7°)
ZHR = 10 颗(偶尔达到50颗,说不定你运气好碰上了 );
辐射点: α赤纬 = 217°, δ赤纬 = +76°; Radiant drift: see Table 6;
速度= 33 km/s; r亮度指标= 3.0;
TFC: α = 348°, δ = +75° and α = 131°, δ = +66° (β > 40° N);
α = 063°, δ = +84° and α = 156°, δ = +64° (β 30° to 40° N). |
B.(来自香港天文学会)
相關流星群 :獵戶座χ流星雨 (XOR)
出現日期 :11月26日至12月15日
極大日期(香港時間):12月3日(星期六)0時45分
天頂每時出射率 ZHR:3 顆
速度 :每秒 28千米(慢速)
亮度指標 :3.0
輻射點 (曆元 2000):赤經 5.7時/82°赤緯 23°
相關流星群 :鳳凰座流星雨 (PHO)
出現日期 :11月28日至12月9日
極大日期(香港時間):12月7日(星期三)5時18分
天頂每時出射率 ZHR:2 顆
速度 :每秒 18千米(慢速)
亮度指標 :2.8
輻射點 (曆元 2000):赤經 1.2時/18°赤緯 -53°
相關流星群 :小犬座流星雨 (PUP)
出現日期 :12月1日至12月15日
極大日期(香港時間):12月7日(星期二)
天頂每時出射率 ZHR:10 顆
速度 :每秒 40千米(中速)
亮度指標 :2.9
輻射點 (曆元 2000):赤經 8.2時/123°赤緯 -45°
相關流星群 :騏驎座流星雨 (MON)
出現日期 :11月27日至12月17日
極大日期(香港時間):12月9日(星期五)22時17分
天頂每時出射率 ZHR:3 顆
速度 :每秒 42千米(中速)
亮度指標 :3.0
輻射點 (曆元 2000):赤經 6.7時/100°赤緯 8°
相關流星群 :長蛇座流星雨 (HYD)
出現日期 :12月3日至12月15日
極大日期(香港時間):12月12日(星期一)21時08分
天頂每時出射率 ZHR:2 顆
速度 :每秒 58千米(中速)
亮度指標 :3.0
輻射點 (曆元 2000):赤經 8.5時/127°赤緯 2°
相关流星群 :双子座流星雨 (GEM)
出现日期 :12月7日至12月17日
极大日期(北京时间):12月14日(星期三)20时20分
天顶每时辐射率 ZHR:120 颗
速度 :每秒 35千米(中速)
亮度指标 :2.6
辐射点 (历元 2000):赤经 7.5时/112.3°赤纬 32.5°
相關流星群 :后髮座流星雨 (COM)
出現日期 :12月12日至2010年1月23日
極大日期(香港時間):12月20日(星期二)17時51分
天頂每時出射率 ZHR:5 顆
速度 :每秒 65千米(中速)
亮度指標 :3.0
輻射點 (曆元 2000):赤經 11.7時/175°赤緯 25°
相關流星群 :小熊座流星雨 (URS)
出現日期 :12月17日至12月26日
極大日期(香港時間):12月23日(星期五)9時29分
天頂每時出射率 ZHR:10 顆
速度 :每秒 33千米(慢速)
亮度指標 :3.0
輻射點 (曆元 2000):赤經 14.5時/217°赤緯 76°
C.来自美国流星学会
I类流星雨(ZHR大于10颗) 流星名称 | 活动范围 | 活动最大时期 | 辐射点 | 速度 | 亮度 | 极大值 | 时间 | 月亮 | 说明 | 21天 | 日期 | λΘ | 赤经 | 赤纬 | 公里/秒 | | ZHR颗/时 | 北京 | 农历 |
双子座流星雨 Geminids (GEM) | 12月7-17日 | 12月14日 | 261°5度 | 07时33分 | +32.2°度 | 35.0 | 2.6 | 120 | 17点 | 18+1 |
‖类流星雨(ZHR2到10颗) 流星名称 | 活动范围 | 活动最大时期 | 辐射点 | 速度 | 亮度 | 极大值 | 时间 | 月亮 | 说明 | 21天 | 日期 | λΘ | 赤经 | 赤纬 | 公里/秒 | | ZHR颗/时 | 北京 | 农历 |
船尾座-船帆座流星雨 Puppid-Velids (PUP) | 12月1-15日 | 12月7日 | 255°度 | 08时12分 | -45°度 | 40 | 2.9 | 10 | 20点 | 12+1 |
Ⅲ类流星雨(ZHR小于2颗) 流星名称 | 活动范围 | 活动最大时期 | 辐射点 | 速度 | 亮度 | 极大值 | 时间 | 月亮 | 说明 | 21天 | 日期 | λΘ | 赤经 | 赤纬 | 公里/秒 | 指标 | ZHR颗/时 | 北京 | 农历 |
十二月天龙座κ流星雨 December Kappa Draconids (KDR) | 11月30日至 12月6日 | 12月3日 | 251.0°度 | 12时22分 | +71.5°度 | 42.9 | 不祥 | <2 | 23点 | 8+1 |
Ⅳ类流星雨(ZHR可变) 流星名称 | 活动范围 | 活动最大时期 | 辐射点 | 速度 | 亮度 | 极大值 | 时间 | 月亮 | 说明 | 21天 | 日期 | λΘ | 赤经 | 赤纬 | 公里/秒 | 指标 | ZHR颗/时 | 北京 | 农历 |
凤凰座流星雨 Phoenicids (PHO) | 11月28日至 12月9日 | 12月6日 | 254°25度 | 01时12分 | -53° 度 | 18 | 2.8 | 变 | 12点 | 11+1 |
来自叶儿山
名词解释
- 流星雨是指流星从某一点辐射出来的现象。流星雨大多以所在星座或是最近之恒星命名。
- 某一流星雨的活动时段指该流星雨能产生流星的时段。
- 某流星雨活动最强时,称为该流星雨的极大。极大中心可以指该流星雨极大时辐射点所在位置(辐射点是逐日变动的),也可以指该流星雨极大时的太阳平黄经(λΘ MAX)。
- 某流星雨的极大平黄经(λΘ MAX或λΘ)指该流星雨达到极大时太阳平黄经的值。粗略的说,平黄经可以大致对应一个日期。
- 赤经(R.A.)和赤纬(Decl.)可以定义任一点在天球上的坐标。本表给出的赤经、赤纬值,为流星雨极大时辐射点所在的位置。由于地球公转的影响,所有流星雨的辐射点都是逐日移动的。
- 速度(V∞)指某流星雨的成员进入大气前与地球的相对速度,单位为千米每秒(km/s)。简单来说,这是流星雨成员固有速度与地球公转速度的矢量和。
由北美提供的数据
流星雨名称 活动时间 极大日期 辐射点 速度 亮度 流量 代号简称
Shower Activity Maximum Radiant V 指标 ZHR IMO
Period Date km/s Code
h m °
凤凰座流星雨 Nov 28-Dec 09 Dec 06 01 12 -53 18 2.8 var. PHO
船尾座-船帆座流星雨 Dec 01-Dec 15 Dec 07 08 12 -45 40 2.9 10 PUP
麒麟座流星雨 Nov 27-Dec 17 Dec 09 06 40 +08 42 3.0 2 MON
长蛇座σ流星雨 Dec 03-Dec 15 Dec 12 08 28 +02 58 3.0 3 HYD
双子座流星雨 Dec 04-Dec 17 Dec 14 07 28 +33 35 2.6 120 GEM
后发座流星雨 Dec 12-Jan 23 Dec 16 11 40 +18 65 3.0 3 COM
十二月小狮座流星雨 Dec 05-Feb 04 Dec 20 10 44 +30 64 3.0 5 DLM
小熊座流星雨 Dec 17-Dec 26 Dec 23 14 28 +76 33 3.0 10 URS
2.详情
1)凤凰座流星雨
A.国际流星组织
Only one impressive Phoenicid return has been reported so far, that of its discovery in 1956, when the EZHR was probably ∼ 100, possibly with several peaks spread over a few hours. Three other potential bursts of lower activity have been reported, but never by more than one observer, under uncertain circumstances. Reliable IMO data has shown recent activity to have been virtually nonexistent. This may be a periodic shower however, and more observations of it are needed by all methods. From the southern hemisphere (only), the Phoenicid radiant culminates at dusk, remaining well on view for most of the night. The waxing gibbous Moon sets to leave several pre-dawn hours with dark skies available for observers around December 6. Jérémie Vaubaillon has indicated there is the possibility of a Phoenicid return in 2011, from a dust trail left in 1870. The activity could be so low as to be undetectable regrettably, but it would be worthwhile checking-for just in case. He suggested this might happen around 09h30m UT on December 1, from a radiant rather different to the 'usual' one, perhaps near α = 6°, δ = −25°. Note that this position is quite uncertain, and actually lies on the border between Sculptor and Cetus, around 8° southwest of the star β Ceti, which could make any activity detectable from places further north than is normally possible. December 1 also has a more favourable waxing crescent Moon, and that peak's timing, if correct, would favour sites across the southern Pacific Ocean from New Zealand east to South America especially.
B.流星雨的流星体轨道与地球相对位置及状态查询
(来源:IMCCE(法国)天体力学及历算研究所)
This is a very complex system of poorly-studied showers, visible chiefly to those south of the equator. Up to ten sub-streams have been identified, with radiants so tightly clustered, visual observing cannot readily separate them. Imaging or telescopic work would thus be sensible, or very careful visual plotting. The activity is so badly-known, we can only be reasonably sure that the higher rates occur in early to mid December, with a waxing gibbous Moon this year. Some of these showers may be visible from late October to late January, however. Most Puppid-Velid meteors are quite faint, but occasional bright fireballs, notably around the suggested maximum here, have been reported previously. The radiant area is on-view all night, but is highest towards dawn.
3)小熊座流星雨
A.国际流星组织
A very poorly-observed northern hemisphere shower, but one which has produced at least two major outbursts in the past 70 years, in 1945 and 1986. Several other rate enhancements have been reported as well, recently in 1988, 1994, 2000, 2006, 2007 and 2008 (which latter apparently produced at least two peaks with EZHRs of ∼ 30–35, and activity around half this level or better for perhaps nine to ten hours). Other similar events could have been missed easily due to poor weather or too few observers active.
All forms of observation can be used for the shower, since many of its meteors are faint, but with so little work carried out on the stream, it is impossible to be precise in making statements about it. The radio maximum in 1996 occurred around λ⊙ = 270.8°, for instance, which might suggest a slightly later maximum time in 2011 of December 23, ∼ 04h UT. Models developed by Esko Lyytinen and Jérémie Vaubaillon have suggested the relative proximity of the shower's parent comet, 8P/Tuttle, last at perihelion in January 2008, seems to have been what has influenced some of the recent events. Jérémie's model has further indicated there could be another peak this year, around 16h11m UT on December 22, with fairly typical ZHRs of ∼ 12. VID indicated a maximum around λ⊙ = 270.5°, equal to December 22, ∼ 21h UT. The Ursid radiant is circumpolar from most northern sites (thus fails to rise for most southern ones), though it culminates after daybreak, and is highest in the sky later in the night. New Moon on December 24 means observing conditions are perfect for checking whatever takes place. The ∼ 16h timing would be available overnight to observers from eastern European longitudes east across all of Asia; the ∼ 21h peak would be good for European sites east across most of Asia; and the 02h–04h peaks would fall best for places from North America east across Europe.
B.流星雨的流星体轨道与地球相对位置及状态查询
(来源:IMCCE(法国)天体力学及历算研究所)
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