2011年12月Lovejoy 彗星（奇迹般的逃出太阳)实时更新影像

BIG COMET PLUNGES TOWARD THE SUN: Comet Lovejoy (C/2011 W3) is diving into the sun and furiously vaporizing as it approaches the stellar surface. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is recording the kamikaze plunge:

                               
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SOHO Coronagraph: movie, latest image

"This is, without any doubt, the brightest sungrazing comet that SOHO has ever seen," says Karl Battams of the Naval Research Lab in Washington DC.

The comet's nucleus, thought to be twice as wide as a football field, will skim approximately 140,000 km (1.2 solar radii) above the solar surface on Dec. 15/16. At such close range, solar heating will almost certainly destroy the comet's icy core, creating a cloud of vapor and comet dust that will reflect lots of sunlight.

"If Comet Lovejoy gets as bright as magnitude -4 or -5, there is a tiny but non-zero chance that it could become visible in the sky next to the sun," says Battams.
Indeed, something similar happened to Comet McNaught in January 2007 when it was visible in broad daylight: gallery. Standing in the shadow of a tall building to block the sun allowed the comet to be seen in blue sky nearby.
"Comet Lovejoy will be reaching perihelion (closest approach to the sun) right around sunset on Dec. 15th for people in the US East, Central, Mountain, and Pacific time zones," continues Battams. "Be alert for the comet to the left of the sun at that time." Caution: Do not look at or near the sun through unfiltered optics; focused sunlight can seriously damage your eyes.

Discovered on Dec. 2nd by amateur astronomer Terry Lovejoy of Australia, the comet is an unusually large member of the Kreutz family. Kreutz sungrazers are fragments of a single giant comet (probably the Great Comet of 1106) that broke apart back in the 12th century. SOHO sees one plunging into the sun every few days, but most are small, no more than 10 meters wide. Comet Lovejoy is at least ten times larger than usual.

Got pictures of Comet Lovejoy? Submit them here.

来源于香港天文学会

由澳洲業餘天文愛好者 Terry Lovejoy 在11月27日發現的掠日彗星，是自從1948年以來首次掠日彗星在未過近日點前由業餘天文愛好者發現。彗星估計會在12月16日撞向太陽。北半球觀測者看不見彗星。 Ephemeris of C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) at 12 hrs UTC   (J2000) T 2011 Dec 15.9999 TT q  0.005894    Peri.  57.1427 z  0.000000    Node  332.0232 e  1.000000    Incl. 135.9356 Ref: MPEC 2011-X16 年   月  日    赤   經     赤  緯     距 地  距 日   離角  Phase   光度   "/min  PA 2011 Dec  1  14  4 36.7  -52  6  3    0.700  0.648   41.0   93.9   11.8    8.19  84.0 2011 Dec  2  14 25 48.4  -51 37 24    0.698  0.618   38.5   96.9   11.6    8.34  79.4 2011 Dec  3  14 46 45.0  -50 52 39    0.698  0.587   35.9   99.9   11.4    8.46  74.9 2011 Dec  4  15  7  6.7  -49 52  8    0.700  0.555   33.3  102.9   11.2    8.53  70.5 2011 Dec  5  15 26 36.5  -48 36 38    0.704  0.522   30.6  106.0   10.9    8.57  66.3 2011 Dec  6  15 45  1.6  -47  7 24    0.712  0.488   27.9  109.0   10.6    8.56  62.3 2011 Dec  7  16  2 13.5  -45 25 56    0.721  0.453   25.2  112.1   10.3    8.52  58.4 2011 Dec  8  16 18  7.9  -43 33 48    0.734  0.416   22.5  115.0   10.0    8.45  54.8 2011 Dec  9  16 32 43.7  -41 32 28    0.750  0.378   19.8  117.9    9.6    8.36  51.3 2011 Dec 10  16 46  2.1  -39 23 10    0.769  0.337   17.1  120.8    9.2    8.26  47.8 2011 Dec 11  16 58  5.8  -37  6 36    0.791  0.294   14.4  123.5    8.7    8.17  44.4 2011 Dec 12  17  8 57.8  -34 42 44    0.818  0.248   11.8  126.0    8.0    8.12  40.6 2011 Dec 13  17 18 39.9  -32 10  0    0.850  0.197    9.0  128.3    7.1    8.17  36.2 2011 Dec 14  17 27  9.4  -29 23 11    0.889  0.139    6.2  129.9    5.7    8.55  29.9 2011 Dec 15  17 33 56.0  -26  1 33    0.943  0.064    3.0  128.0    2.5   10.56  15.7 2011 Dec 16  17 20 51.3  -24  7  9    0.948  0.063    3.1  123.3    2.4    8.81 225.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 過近日點時，彗星可能已撞向太陽，以下預測假設彗星掠日後仍可存在 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2011 Dec 17  17 13 22.2  -26 23 55    0.894  0.138    6.4  127.2    5.7    6.20 209.8 2011 Dec 18  17  8 44.8  -28 29 59    0.853  0.197    9.2  126.9    7.1    5.60 202.7 2011 Dec 19  17  5 15.5  -30 33 23    0.818  0.248   11.7  126.0    8.0    5.40 198.0 2011 Dec 20  17  2 25.8  -32 37 11    0.786  0.294   14.2  124.8    8.7    5.37 194.7 2011 Dec 21  17  0  2.7  -34 43  1    0.757  0.337   16.6  123.4    9.2    5.42 192.1 2011 Dec 22  16 57 59.3  -36 52  0    0.731  0.377   19.0  121.9    9.6    5.54 190.0 2011 Dec 23  16 56 11.1  -39  4 54    0.706  0.416   21.4  120.3    9.9    5.69 188.3 2011 Dec 24  16 54 35.1  -41 22 21    0.683  0.452   23.8  118.7   10.2    5.87 186.9 2011 Dec 25  16 53  9.2  -43 44 51    0.662  0.488   26.2  116.9   10.5    6.08 185.8 2011 Dec 26  16 51 51.8  -46 12 48    0.642  0.522   28.7  115.0   10.7    6.31 184.8 2011 Dec 27  16 50 41.4  -48 46 31    0.623  0.555   31.2  113.1   10.9    6.55 184.0 2011 Dec 28  16 49 37.0  -51 26 14    0.606  0.587   33.8  111.0   11.1    6.79 183.4 2011 Dec 29  16 48 37.6  -54 12  3    0.591  0.618   36.5  108.9   11.3    7.05 182.8 2011 Dec 30  16 47 42.1  -57  4  0    0.576  0.648   39.2  106.7   11.4    7.30 182.4 2011 Dec 31  16 46 49.6  -60  1 56    0.564  0.678   41.9  104.4   11.6    7.54 182.0 說明： 年、月、日   預報日期，以當日香港時間晚上20時 (即是世界時12時) 赤經         曆元 2000年位置 (單位：時、分、秒 ) 赤緯         曆元 2000年位置 (單位：度、分、秒 ) 距地         彗星距離地球 (單位：天文單位) 距日         彗星距離太陽 (單位：天文單位) 離角         彗星離開太陽的角度 (單位：度) Phase        太陽、彗星、地球之間夾角 (單位：度) 光度         彗星總光度 (單位：星等) "/min        彗星在天區移動速度 (單位：每分鐘移動角秒) PA           彗星移動天極方位角 (單位：度) 彗星軌道根數 T            通過近日點的動力時時間 (以年、月、日及日之小數表示) q            近日點距離 (單位：天文單位) e            軌道偏心率 (橢圓：0 < e < 1；拋物線：e = 1；雙曲線：1 < e) Peri.        近日點幅角 (單位：度) Node         升交點黃道經度 (單位：度) Incl.        軌道傾斜角 (單位：度)

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2011-12-4 09:03

                               
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12月2日Michael Mattiazzo用C11望遠鏡連同Starlight Express MX7c CCD拍攝的彗星照片

                               
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這顆彗星出現在南半球，北半球地區彗星在地平線下，愛好者只能透過 SOHO C3 追蹤

                               
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来源香港天文学会

来源于香港天文学会

Lovejoy 彗星預計於12月14日0時UT (香港上午8時)開始出現在 SOHO 廣角日冕儀 (LASCO C3) 的影像之中。 預計12月16日撞向太陽。 有興趣追蹤 Lovejoy 彗星的同好，屆時請參閱： http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/realtime_query LASCO C3 網頁圖面請選擇1024x1024的分辨率和最新5張圖像類型。                                 登录/注册后可看大图

来源于香港天文学会
12月2日 Lovejoy 彗星照片

                               
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来源于香港天文学会
12月4日香港天文同好 Angus Lau及中國大陸許文轁遙控澳洲 Golden Stars 天文設備拍攝 Lovejoy 彗星

                               
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来源于香港天文学会
有關報導
http://news.thomasy.tw/article/t ... ci.astronomy/126432
http://www.ettoday.net/news/20111205/10767.htm

来源于香港天文学会
有關報導
http://news.thomasy.tw/article/t ... ci.astronomy/126432
http://www.ettoday.net/news/20111205/10767.htm

12月6日Michael Mattiazzo用C11望遠鏡連同Starlight Express MX7c CCD拍攝的彗星照片

                               
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来源于香港天文学会

12月11日，Lovejoy 彗星進入「日地關係天文台」太陽探測衛星 STEREO - B 視場。這顆彗星直徑約200米，它的光度由8等升至6.5等，較預期稍為光亮。估計近日時會被太陽的熱力蒸發消失。

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前天 03:42




Credit: NASA

                               
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来源于香港天文学会

Lovejoy 彗星一如所料12月14日3時(世界時UT) 出現在 SOHO 廣角日冕儀 (LASCO C3) 的影像之中，按照目前移動途徑，它將會在12月16日撞向太陽，亦有可能在16日之前已經被熾熱的太陽蒸發掉。 附圖是將3時36分至16時32分UT拍攝的照片組合成動畫

Lovejoy.gif (4.58 MB)

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昨天 01:51

                               
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Ephemeris of C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) at 2 hrs UTC   (J2000)
T 2011 Dec 16.0209 TT
q  0.005507    Peri.  54.0820
z  0.019248    Node  327.0941
e  0.999894    Incl. 134.6614
Ref: MPEC 2011-X36
   y  m   d   h  m   s     o  '  "    delta  RSun   Elong  Phase    Mag   "/min  PA
2011 Dec 12  17  4  8.9  -35 48 24    0.806  0.269   13.0  124.7    8.3    8.08  42.3
2011 Dec 13  17 14 18.4  -33 20 46    0.836  0.220   10.3  127.1    7.5    8.08  38.2
2011 Dec 14  17 23 18.7  -30 42  3    0.872  0.166    7.5  128.9    6.4    8.28  33.0
2011 Dec 15  17 30 59.9  -27 41 36    0.917  0.101    4.5  129.4    4.3    9.18  24.2
2011 Dec 16  17 28 59.4  -22 59 59    0.983  0.013    0.8   95.5   -4.4   22.40 259.3
2011 Dec 17  17 16 56.1  -25 22 14    0.911  0.109    4.9  129.6    4.7    6.57 213.1
2011 Dec 18  17 11 54.8  -27 29 26    0.864  0.173    7.7  129.9    6.6    5.64 203.5
2011 Dec 19  17  8 25.3  -29 32 21    0.826  0.226   10.3  129.1    7.6    5.36 197.9
2011 Dec 20  17  5 44.1  -31 35  8    0.791  0.274   12.7  127.9    8.4    5.30 193.9
2011 Dec 21  17  3 34.8  -33 39 49    0.760  0.319   15.1  126.5    8.9    5.35 190.9
2011 Dec 22  17  1 49.0  -35 47 40    0.732  0.360   17.4  125.0    9.4    5.47 188.5
2011 Dec 23  17  0 22.0  -37 59 37    0.706  0.399   19.8  123.5    9.8    5.63 186.6
2011 Dec 24  16 59 10.8  -40 16 22    0.681  0.436   22.1  121.8   10.1    5.83 185.0
2011 Dec 25  16 58 13.7  -42 38 30    0.658  0.472   24.6  120.0   10.3    6.05 183.7
2011 Dec 26  16 57 29.5  -45  6 29    0.637  0.507   27.0  118.2   10.6    6.30 182.5
2011 Dec 27  16 56 57.9  -47 40 43    0.617  0.540   29.5  116.2   10.8    6.56 181.5

IAU计算
   CK11W030
Date       UT      R.A. (J2000) Decl.    Delta     r     El.    Ph.   m1     Sky Motion
            h m s                                                            "/min    P.A.
2011 12 15 220000 17 34 43.3 -24 06 02   0.977   0.021    1.1 110.9  -2.3   17.97    351.8
2011 12 15 230000 17 34 24.4 -23 46 41   0.981   0.015    0.8 100.8  -3.9   22.30    342.6
2011 12 16 000000 17 33 32.7 -23 22 33   0.987   0.008    0.4  73.0  -6.5   34.26    323.2
2011 12 16 010000 17 31 05.3 -23 00 20   0.988   0.007    0.3  57.9  -7.4   38.87    282.5
2011 12 16 020000 17 28 57.6 -23 00 04   0.983   0.013    0.8  95.8  -4.4   22.94    260.1
2011 12 16 030000 17 27 35.0 -23 05 11   0.978   0.020    1.1 108.2  -2.6   17.28    250.2
2011 12 16 040000 17 26 31.9 -23 11 20   0.973   0.025    1.3 114.2  -1.5   14.50    244.1
2011 12 16 050000 17 25 39.7 -23 17 45   0.969   0.031    1.6 117.9  -0.7   12.82    239.8
2011 12 16 060000 17 24 54.6 -23 24 13   0.966   0.036    1.8 120.3   0.0   11.67    236.4
2011 12 16 070000 17 24 14.4 -23 30 39   0.962   0.041    2.0 122.1   0.5   10.83    233.7
2011 12 16 080000 17 23 38.1 -23 37 02   0.959   0.045    2.2 123.4   1.0   10.18    231.5
2011 12 16 090000 17 23 04.7 -23 43 20   0.955   0.050    2.4 124.4   1.4    9.67    229.5
2011 12 16 100000 17 22 33.7 -23 49 35   0.952   0.054    2.6 125.3   1.7    9.24    227.8
2011 12 16 110000 17 22 04.7 -23 55 45   0.949   0.058    2.7 125.9   2.0    8.88    226.3
2011 12 16 120000 17 21 37.4 -24 01 52   0.946   0.062    2.9 126.5   2.3    8.58    224.9
2011 12 16 130000 17 21 11.6 -24 07 54   0.943   0.066    3.1 127.0   2.5    8.31    223.6
2011 12 16 140000 17 20 47.0 -24 13 54   0.940   0.069    3.2 127.4   2.8    8.08    222.5
2011 12 16 150000 17 20 23.6 -24 19 50   0.938   0.073    3.4 127.8   3.0    7.88    221.4
2011 12 16 160000 17 20 01.2 -24 25 43   0.935   0.077    3.5 128.1   3.2    7.70    220.5
2011 12 16 170000 17 19 39.7 -24 31 33   0.932   0.080    3.7 128.3   3.4    7.53    219.5

COMET LOVEJOY UPDATE: Matthew Knight of the Lowell Observatory and JHU-APL reports: "As of 16:30 UT on Dec. 15th, Comet Lovejoy has reached magnitude -3, possibly brighter. It is starting to saturate SOHO images even with narrow filters and shorter than normal exposure times." The comet is now brighter than Jupiter, but not quite as bright as Venus. If these developments continue apace, Comet Lovejoy could become visible to the naked eye in broad daylight before the end of Dec. 15th. See the news item below for further discussion of this possibility.

COMET LOVEJOY HAS A COMPANION: "Comet Lovejoy has a friend!" notes Karl Battams in his blog. "Look for it in the upper-half of this animation moving perfectly in step with Lovejoy. It's another Kreutz-group comet. This is not surprising. SOHO's Kreutz-group comets are very 'clumpy,' for want of a better word. We frequently see them arrive in pairs or sometimes trios, and the big bright ones in particular will often have a little companion comet."

彗星轨道




http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/

单位：h表示小时，m表示时分，s表示时秒， o表示度， '表示分度，"表示秒度，"/min表示角秒每分钟
   日期     世界时  赤经         赤纬     距地   距日    离角日彗地角光度   速度     方位角
年  月  日 时 分  h  m   s     o  '  "     AU     AU      o      o   星等   "/min    o
2011 12 15 220000 17 34 41.0 -23 53 16   0.979   0.018    1.0 107.1  -3.0   21.24    345.6
2011 12 15 230000 17 34 11.3 -23 29 56   0.985   0.011    0.7  86.4  -5.0   26.66    328.5
2011 12 16 000000 17 32 31.7 -23 10 14   0.988   0.005    0.2  47.5  -8.3   35.10    296.8
2011 12 16 010000 17 29 49.9 -22 59 18   0.986   0.010    0.5  78.0  -5.7   31.83    277.9
2011 12 16 020000 17 28 05.3 -23 02 05   0.982   0.016    0.9  97.5  -3.4   21.06    253.2
2011 12 16 030000 17 26 48.9 -23 09 00   0.977   0.022    1.2 107.2  -2.0   16.90    245.4
2011 12 16 040000 17 25 48.8 -23 15 17   0.973   0.028    1.5 111.9  -1.1   14.25    241.7
2011 12 16 050000 17 24 57.6 -23 22 00   0.970   0.033    1.7 115.1  -0.4   12.85    238.5
2011 12 16 060000 17 24 12.7 -23 28 41   0.966   0.038    2.0 117.3   0.2   11.80    235.6
2011 12 16 070000 17 23 32.1 -23 35 18   0.963   0.043    2.2 118.9   0.7   11.02    233.3

Science Nugget: Using Many Instruments to Track a Comet
12.15.11


UPDATE: Additional media added.

                               
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An image of Comet Lovejoy as it moves ever closer toward the sun taken on December 15, 2011 at 4:30 AM ET. This image is what's known as a "coronograph" in which the camera -- the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C3 instrument on the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) -- obscures the sun itself so as to be able to observe its fainter atmosphere, the corona. Credit: ESA/NASA/SOHO

› Download video Comet Lovejoy blazes toward the sun and its tail wiggles as it interacts with the solar wind. By the end of the day on December 15, 2011, the comet will graze some some 75,000 miles above the sun's surface through the several million degree solar corona, and quite likely evaporate. Five different satellites -- the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), Hinode, and Proba -- are trying to watch its final approach to the sun. This movie was recorded by STEREO using the Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) instrument. Credit: NASA/STEREO/NRL

---

12.13.11

› Download video This movie from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) provided the first space-based views of Comet Lovejoy on December 11. The comet moves in from the bottom right. (The moving red line is an artifact caused by the planet Mercury, which is off camera.) Credit: NASA/NRL/STEREO

In 16 years of data observations, the Solar Heliophysics Observatory (SOHO) -- a joint European Space Agency and NASA mission –- made an unexpected claim for fame: the sighting of new comets at an alarming rate. SOHO has spotted over 2100 comets, most of which are from what's known as the Kreutz family, which graze the solar atmosphere where they usually evaporate completely.

But on December 2, 2011, the discovery of a new Kreutz-family comet was announced. This comet was found the old-fashioned way: from the ground. Australian astronomer Terry Lovejoy spotted the comet, making this the first time a Kreutz comet has been found through a ground-based telescope since the 1970's. The comet has been designated C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy).

Discovering a comet before it moves into view of space-based telescopes, gives scientists the opportunity to prepare the telescopes for the best possible observations. Indeed, since comet Lovejoy was visible from the ground, scientists have high hopes that this might be an exceptionally bright comet, making it all the easier to view and study. (Some Kreutz comets –- such as Ikeya-Seki in 1965 -- are so bright they can be seen with the naked eye in the daytime, though this is extremely rare.)

The comet moved into view of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) on Monday, December 12. It should be visible in SOHO by Wednesday, Dec 14.

Next up is Hinode, which will make observations at about 6 p.m. ET on Dec 15, as the comet moves towards its closest approach to the sun. Hinode's solar optical telescope will take the highest resolution images of this close approach. As the comet passes through the sun's atmosphere, the corona, an increase in particle collisions may produce X-rays, so Hinode may also capture X-ray images of the comet.

The comet will likely pass within some 87,000 miles of the sun, and disappear behind the northwest limb of the sun shortly after it is seen by Hinode.

For additional updates please watch: http://sungrazer.nrl.navy.mil/index.php?p=news/birthday_comet

接近太阳动态图像
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/track-comet.html

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