An origin for short γ-ray bursts unassociated with current star formation
S. D. Barthelmy(1), G. Chincarini(2,3), D. N. Burrows(4), N. Gehrels(1), S. Covino(2), A. Moretti(2), P. Romano(2), P. T. O'Brien(5), C. L. Sarazin(6), C. Kouveliotou(7), M. Goad(5), S. Vaughan(5), G. Tagliaferri(2), B. Zhang(8), L. A. Antonelli(9), S. Campana(2), J. R. Cummings(1,10), P. D'Avanzo(2,11), M. B. Davies(12), P. Giommi(13), D. Grupe(4), Y. Kaneko(14), J. A. Kennea(4), A. King(5), S. Kobayashi(4), A. Melandri(9), P. Meszaros(4,15), J. A. Nousek(4), S. Patel(14), T. Sakamoto(1,10) and R. A. M. J. Wijers(16)
Two short (< 2 s) γ-ray bursts (GRBs) have recently been localized(1, 2, 3, 4) and fading afterglow counterparts detected(2, 3, 4). The combination of these two results left unclear the nature of the host galaxies of the bursts, because one was a star-forming dwarf, while the other was probably an elliptical galaxy. Here we report the X-ray localization of a short burst (GRB 050724) with unusual -ray and X-ray properties. The X-ray afterglow lies off the centre of an elliptical galaxy at a redshift of z = 0.258 (ref. 5), coincident with the position determined by ground-based optical and radio observations(6, 7, 8). The low level of star formation typical for elliptical galaxies makes it unlikely that the burst originated in a supernova explosion. A supernova origin was also ruled out for GRB 050709 (refs 3, 31), even though that burst took place in a galaxy with current star formation. The isotropic energy for the short bursts is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than that for the long bursts. Our results therefore suggest that an alternative source of bursts—the coalescence of binary systems of neutron stars or a neutron star-black hole pair—are the progenitors of short bursts.
1. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
2. INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
3. Universita degli studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza delle Scienze 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
4. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
6. Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-0818, USA
7. NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, NSSTC, XD-12, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805, USA
8. Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4002, USA
9. Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati, 33 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
10. National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20418, USA
11. Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
12. Lund Observatory, Box 43, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
13. ASI Science Data Center, Via Galileo Galilei, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
14. Universities Space Research Association, NSSTC, XD-12, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, Alabama 35805, USA
15. Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
16. Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Correspondence to: S. D. Barthelmy(1) Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.D.B. (Email: scott@lheamail.gsfc.nasa.gov).
短γ- 射线爆发起源和现有星的形成 没有联系
(1 ) S. D. Barthelmy ,( 2,3 ) G. Chincarini ,( 4 ) D. N. Burrows,( 1 ) N. Gehrels ,( 2 ) S. Covino ,( 2 ) A. Moretti ,( 2 ) P. Romano ,( 5 ) P. T. O'Brien ,(6 ) C. L. Sarazin ,C. Kouveliotou ( 7 ),M. Goad( 5 ),S. Vaughan ( 5 ),G. Tagliaferri ( 2 ),B. Zhang ( 8 ),L. A. Antonelli ( 9 ),S. Campana ( 2 ),J. R. Cummings ( 1,10 ),P. D'Avanzo ( 2,11 ),M. B. Davies( 12 ),P. Giommi ( 13 ),D. Grupe ( 4 ),Y. Kaneko ( 14 ),J. A. Kennea ( 4 ),A. King( 5 ),S. Kobayashi ( 4 ),A. Melandri ( 9 ),P. Meszaros ( 4,15 ),J. A. Nousek ( 4 ),S. Patel ( 14 ),T. Sakamoto ( 1,10 )和 R. A. M. J. Wijers ( 16 )
二个短 (<2 秒) γ- 射线爆发 (GRBs) 最近被发现其位置( 1,2,3 , 4 )与( 2,3 , 4 )的夕照样的射流配对。这两个结果留下了不易了解的爆发目标星河的自然谜团 ,原因是一个是产生恒星的小天体 , 而另一个或许是椭圆的星河。我们的报告里用X光定位短爆发 (GRB 050724) 和不寻常的γ- 射线和 X光源头。 X光夕照射流 红移 z=0.258 与椭圆的星河中心稍微有点偏差 (涉及 5), 这是由以地面为基础的可见光和射线观测 一致决定的位置( 6,7,8 )。 因为典型的椭圆星河形成星的数量少 所以爆发不太可能起源于一个超新星爆发。在GRB 050709 中爆发发生在星河中也有恒星形成,超新星源也 (涉及 3,31) 被排除。 短爆发的等方向性的能量比长爆发低2 -3 个 数 量 级。 我们因此认为爆发的源头—一个可能的来源是两个中子星的系统合并或中子星- 黑洞对合并。 |